The Research Of Mechanical Characteristics Of Rolling Linear Transmission Components Of Machine Tool

At present, almost all of the high-speed, heavy-load precise rolling linear transmission components of the machine tool which are required by high-speed machining industry need to be imported from other countries, and it has restricted the development of high-speed CNC machine tool technology in China. In order to improve the using performances of these products, the analysis of the friction, the contact deformation and the dynamic simulation of the contact area of the transmission component must be carried out in theory. Aiming at these theoretical analysis problems in the research field of rolling linear transmission components, some research works were carried out to provide some new ideas and methods to the solution of these problems in this paper.As the main source of wear and the main mean of the energy consumption of rolling linear transmission components of machine tools, the friction is an important factor which influences the work performances of these components. In this paper, based on the analysis and summary of structural characteristics of the contact area, the influences of the loss of elastic hysteresis, the differential sliding friction, adhesion effect and lubrication condition to the friction were discussed, and the pre- tight force was adopted to reduced differential slip friction of the contact area. By loaded running test of the roller linear guide, the roundness and surface roughness of the cylindrical roller which are influenced by friction were obtained.The contact stiffness of rolling linear transmission components seriously affects the performance of machine tools. Based on the analysis of the structural function of rolling linear transmission components, the contact between balls and screw races or nut races is regarded as a kind of typical non-conformal contact, and the contact characteristics was studied and calculated theoretically. In the meaning time, the relationships between the contact characteristics and design parameters or material properties of ball screw are analyzed. By applying a new deformation theory to the calculation of the contact area deformation of cylindrical roller linear guide, the maximum deformation of the contact area is obtained, and a finite element contact analysis is carried out, the contact deformation circumstances of the roller tangent point of the straight generatrix and the arc generatrix are obtained. Then the surface wear stripes are obtained by running test. Under the circumstance of maximum static load, the stress circumstances and deformation trends of the slide and guide are obtained by finite element analysis.The reverse device is an weak link to achieve high-speed moving performance of ball screw. In this paper, Structural optimization of external circulation reverse device of ball screw was carried out, and the force status of the reverse device was also calculated and analyzed when the ball rollers get into it. The theoretical model of the process was established when the ball rollers got into the device. Except the theoretical analysis, the simulation analysis of dynamic motion and impact force of the moving process when the ball rollers get into the device were carried out by ADAMS software and Ansys-lsdyna software.Above all, the research works in this paper have important reference values to the design and optimization of the high-speed, heavy-load precise rolling linear transmission components of machine tool.