| From 20th century on, with the sharpen inflation of population and rapid development of science and technology. the human race activity exerts a tremendous influence on the environment, on which he rely for existence. The harmonious relation between the human race and the nature has been destroyed, the ecology has been changed and the environmental pollution became grave. The nature sounded the alarm to the human race.In some western developed countries, 2 centuries rapid development brought about serious environmental pollution. The Mars River Valley Case and other cases happened from 1930s to 1960s made human race suffer heavy losses. So western scholars provided the theory of 'take environmental rights as the basic civil rights'. Under such voice, some countries and international organizations added environmental rights to their environmental laws. 'Public participation and environmental protection' had been pay close attention and approved by international societies. The important part of environmental protection theory, 'Public participation and environmental protection', formed in 1970s. In basic procedure of 'environmental impact assessment', the United Nations Environmental Programme(UNEP)provided that local mass organizations and their representatives should know how the unfavorable influence of their exploit and construction pounded at their lives. They also provided that statesmen should know who will be influenced and how they are influenced, what kind of problems will be raised. 'Public participation' is the only way to settle these questions. It came to be a matter of common concern of all countries, mass organizations and environmental protectionists.The Chinese government always attaches importance to environmental protection. Especially after introduced new concept of 'environmental impact assessment' in 1973, Chinese government added 'Public participation' to laws of environmental protection. The Environmental Impact Assessment Law put into effect in September 1, 2003 stipulated the form, scope, staff, stage, restrictions and view adoption of public participation. Chinese environmental impact assessment of public participation became legal and democratic.Starting from providing ways of enhancing the effectiveness of public participation, and on the basis of summing up the kind, method, form and procedure of public participation in our country, we analyzed the factors influencing the effectiveness of public participation and found out the problems in public participation, then we proposed the ways of scientifically designing the links of public participation, strengthening environmental propaganda, making the most of environmental protection mass organizations. It also tested two representative construction project of public participations comport with the suggested methods and emphasized the importance of scientifically designing the information issue and exchange, which is of great importance to enhance the effectiveness of public participation.Factors such as public choice, participation time, the ability of solving problems, the form, method and quality of EIA evaluating organization, all effects the effectiveness of public participation in environmental impact assessment. In accordance with questions in our own public participation, for example, public participation deficient environmental impact assessment, the mass lack of participation consciousness, public participation is not very effective, the thesis provided countermeasures are as follow:1.Scientifically design each procedures of public participation. It include: (1) Reasonably determine the procedure of public participation; (2) Reasonably publish and collect public participation information; (3) Reasonably design investigation paper; (4) Reasonably determine the public participant; (5) Reasonably select methods of public participation, and guarantee that the study come from actual condition truly, And the content is conformed with the form, so to ensure the effectiveness of public participa...
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