| Emissions trading is one of the most important environmental policies in many countries, and also a pilot project of environmental economics currently undergoing in China.Taiyuan, the case study city of this thesis, is one of the pilot cities for implementing SO2 emissions trading program designated by China, and the first city to implement emissions trading funded by international financial organizations such as Asian Development Bank.On the basis of systematic analysis of the domestic and overseas implementations of emission trading and the case study of SO2 emissions trading in Taiyuan, the thesis investigates two key problems in SO2 emissions trading that need to be addressed urgently, the allocation of allowances and the measurement of SO2 emissions. The result has a great practical significance in promoting the smooth implementation of SO2 emission trading in Taiyuan and provide a instructional model to the application of SO2 emission trading in other cities.The study begins with the analysis of the four current methods of allowances allocation both at home and abroad, such as allocation based on historical emissions, allocation based on heat quantity of coal combustion, emission intensity method and auction method. Then the author lists several principles for allowance allocation, including that the allocated allowances do not exceed the total control level, allocation of allowances should be fair to all participating enterprises and favorable to those industries that have less pollution and good productivity. The author raises her own method for allowance allocation of production value method and profit-tax method which takes into account of the fuel consumption per unit of production, fuel consumption per unit of profit as well as average industrial level. Then based on the data of production, energy consumption of related domestic industries and energy use, SO2 emission, production, profit, tax, and pollution control of 16 trading enterprises involving 14 industries such as electric, stream and hot water supply, coal washing, tobacco process, weaving industry, chemical material and products industry in Taiyuan, 6 methods were systematic analyzed, calculated and compared. The result showed production value method was the most suitable one for Taiyuan and the allocation scheme was put forward with this method..This study also takes a look at the current methods of SO2 emissions measurement at home and abroad, such as continuous emissions monitoring, selective inspection, and material balance. With the consideration of the factors such as precision, stability, complexity and price and according to the economic status and related national laws, policies and standards, the author suggests different measurement methods to be applied to different sources, for example, continuous emissions monitoring is suitable for power plant and industrial boilers over 20 tons and material balance method is adaptive to industrial boilers below 20 tons. By sampling 30 coal-fired boilers, the author proposes a revision to the calculation of the transformation rate of sulfur content in combustion coals for the measurement of SO2 emissions, compares the result with the national recommended value, and analyze the effects of different transformation rate on emissions trading. |
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