Studies On Separation And Purification And Hypoglycemic Effect Of Saponins Of Momordica. Charantia Var. Abbreviata Ser

Momordica. charantia Var. abbreviata Ser(MVS) is a plant of momordica and amember of Cucurbitaceae family. It is varietal bitter gourd and planted originally in theeastern India. MVS fruit is rich in active ingredients of saponins, polypeptides, protein etc,and has been used for the treatment of hyperglycemia, high blood-fat, tumor, AIDS,antiphloggistic, oxygenation, improving immune function to human being, etc.In this work, dried and sliced fruits of MVS are analyzed. Dried fruits contentmoisture 10.96%, ash 5.93%, crude protein 14.08%, crude fat 0.93%, saccharides 17.79%,saponins 3.1%.A spectrophotometric method was established by using ginseng saponin as standardfor the quantitative analysis of the saponins in the MVS. Colorimetry system wasestablished that reacts with 5% vanillin-acetic acid glacial solvent and perchloric acid at60°C for 15 min, then it is turned to amaranth. A TLC method was established forqualitative analysis of the saponins in the MVS by using n-butyl alcohol-acetic acid-water(7:3:1.5) as developing solvents.The factors affecting the extraction were studies by ultrasonic extraction method ofthe saponins from MVS. The optimal parameters were obtained as following: 50°C forextraction temperature, 1:12.5 for the ratio of solid to liquid, 68.8 min of extraction time,75.2% ethanol to whole extraction system in volume. The yeild was up to 2.45%.The saponins were purified by extraction with n-Butyl alcohol. Five kinds ofmacroporous resins were selected to compare their absorption and desorption saponins inthe MVS. AB-8 resin was determined to be the best absorbent material and it possesseshigh absorption and desorption capacity. AB-8 resin's dynamic absorbent capacity was alsostudied. Experimental results showed that when using 60% ethanol as eluent, AB-8 resinpossesses the highest desorption capacity.Functional experimental results showed that crude saponins remarkably reduced theblood glucose of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, while no effect on the normal rats.Low-dose and middle-dose saponins (effectual dose is 100mg/kg,200mg/kg ) had betterremarkable hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats. Glucose tolerance experimental resultsshowed the saponins remarkably improved glucose tolerance of alloxan-induced diabeticrats.