| Traditional textile dyeing industry involves considerable amount of water consumption as well as highly polluted and colored wastewater discharges, and it is more and more limited in its development. The waterless dyeing using the supercritical fluid as an alternate solvent instead of water in dyeing process has been given much interesting for environmental protection. Supercritical fluid dyeing (SFD) which does without water is a new method in textile industry in order to decrease or eliminate effluent wastewater. It can solve the problems related to traditional dyeing process and realize the dyeing without water.The experiments are conducted to dye PET fiber with disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide. The effects of the dyeing temperature, pressure and time on the color depth K/S are examined in the range of temperature from 80 to 130℃, pressures from 17 to 30MPa and time from 30 to 150min. The results show that K/S increases with the increase of temperature, pressure and time, but the increasing trends are different. The most effective factor of the dyeing process is temperature and the next is pressure. The suitable condition for the dyeing process is temperature of 120℃~130℃, pressure of 25MPa and time of 100min.In order to evaluate SFD, the experiments are conducted with SFD and high temperature dyeing. The dyeing results are evaluated by fastness tests. The dyeing fastnesses with SFD are equivalent with high temperature dyeing or even better. In addition, the process of SFD is simple and easy to carry out.The experiments are conducted to dye PP, nylon 6 and cotton with disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide. Good color depth is obtained except PP fiber.In conclusion, it is feasible and effective to dye synthetic fiber such as PET fiber and nylon with disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide. And it displays a good process feasibility and application prospect of SFD to dye natural faric.
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