The Study Of Lutein And β-Carotene About Technological Process Of Ultrasound Extraction

Carotenoids, which include the two pigments: carotene and xanthophyll, are one of the most widely pigment in nature. They are commonly present in living organisms: plants, animals, and micro-organisms. At present, the biological importance of two carotenoid pigments are lutein and β-Carotene.The thesis mainly studies the extraction and purification of lutein and β-carotene, inclusion compound of lutein with β-cyclodextrin, and the Wastewater from lutein processing.Lutein is a class of lipophilic pigments found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and eggs. Lutein has been known to have several important physiological functions in epidemiological studies. There is little research on the pigment, and always in organic solvent which was not efficient. In order to solve the questions, we use ultrasonic wavecavitation, thermal reaction, mechanical effect to accelerate cell crashed and shortened time,which was based on the extraction of traditional solvent. Besides, according to the orthogonal design L₉(3⁴),four factors in extraction were optimized, i.e. the ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic time ,the dosage of ascorbic acid and ultrasonic wave frequency in this study; taking the extraction rate of lutein as a criterion, the determination of lutein was prepared by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and UV-VIS method. The optimum conditions were optimized.Lutein can be purified by column-chromatography. The immobile phase is m (silica-gel): m (magnesia) =1:1 and the mobile phase is the mixture of petroleum ether: acetone: methanol=75:15:10, the needle crystal can be gained from the concentrated eluting liquid, and the measurement by HPLC shows that the mass percentage of lutein is above 70%.Because the chemical structure of lutein is highly unstable, particularly high purified crystalline lutein is very easily lost of its biological activity because of heat, light, acid and oxygen. Also, lutein is limited by its poor aqueous solubility in pharmaceutical field. Regarding to instability and low water solubility of lutein, the thesis use the unique structure of β-cyclodextrin which is hydrophobic out surfaces and hydrophobic cavity in the center to investigate effects ofβ-cyclodextrin on solubilization of lutein. The results showed that the solubilites of lutein is linearly increased with increase of β-CD concentration. The complex constant K_f for β-CD and lutein is 3.63×10³L/mol. According to the orthogonal design L₉ (3⁴), the optimum conditions were optimized. Water-soluble inclusion compound of β-cyclodextrin with lutein was prepared by ultrasonic method. The inclusion compounds were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and IR.The thesis also relates to the ultrasonic extraction process of β-carotene, according to the orthogonal design L₉ (3⁴), four factors in extraction were optimized, i.e. the ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time and ultrasonic wave frequency in this study; taking the extraction rate of β-carotene as a criterion, the determination of β-carotene was prepared by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.Based on the fact that the source and quality of lutein processing are introduced, and the Wastewater is treatmented with physical method and chemical method on a reduced scale. Laboratory experiments showed that the rate of degradation in effluents after treatment are 93% for COD, and the colourity, pH and suspending substance can meet the discharge standards.