Research Of The Sudden Water Pollution Accident Emergency Management System Based On GIS

Since the 1980s, along with the diversification of globalenvironment, the warmer climate, the rapid economical development,more and more excessive activity of the human being , many suddenaccidents has taken place frequently which cannot know in advance. Inrecent years, many significant sudden water pollution accident s havetaken place in our country one after the other. They didn't only bringhuge economic loss, but the ecological environment also hasencountered the serious destruction. The Songhua River waterpollution event was the most representational. This event createdinfluence to the residents living along Songhua River in a certainextent. Harbin was the most serious, which resulted in cutting off thewater supply four days. Furthermore, it also caused the social situationunstable. Therefore, sudden water pollution accident s have become thepotential threats of water environmental quality in our country. It isnecessary to establish the sudden water pollution accident emergencymanagement system.The traditional sudden water pollution accident carries on theinformation collection and the system administration mainly throughthe artificial way. This method did not only make the efficiency verylow, but also make system precision not great. Especially when thesudden pollution accidents were treated, efficiency became veryimportant. Thus, it has practical significance to develop geographicinformation system to carry on the management for the water quality.The sudden water pollution accident emergency managementsystem was developed which based on geographic information system.According to the emergency system development present situation andenvironmental protection department's actual need as well as economyand practicality, we decide to use GIS software TopMap which isprovided by the Beijing Huitu information science and technologylimited company, to apply secondary developments using theVisualBasic6.0 programming language, and to use Access2003 as thebackstage database. Then, GIS was integrated developed, which setwater pollution data inquiry and the water quality appraisal integration.This thesis begins from analyzing the present condition of thesudden water pollution. It researched on the concept, characteristicsand the reason of occurrence of the sudden water pollution and the way to deal with it. The domestic and international conditions ofaccident management system were introduced, mostly the conditionsof America, Japan and Australia. The development, grading,application and the problem of accident emergency managementsystem in our country also were presented.The application of GIS in the accident management system andthe development of computer technology br ing along the developmentof GIS technology. The establishments of GIS are based on the spacedatabase, supported by the computer hard ware. Used the analyzingmethod of geographical module, various kinds of space and dynamicgeographical information timely were provided. GIS i s a computertechnology system serving many kinds of decision -making. Thecombining of computer technology and GIS were applied in manyareas which involved computer software and hard ware, geographicaldate, remote sensing, GPS and so on, for example in the areas ofagriculture, geological mineral, forestry, electric power etc. manyexamples of sudden environment accident were enumerated, andseveral examples of setting up of typical accident management systemwere summarized in this thesis. For example the Changjiang Riversudden water pollution accident management system, Shenyangsudden environment pollution accident emergency geographicalinformation system, the mine accident management system based onthe WebGIS, Nanking sudden environment pollution ac cidentmanagement geographical information system based on GIS andTieling geographical information monitoring system. The setting up ofthese system provided stably theoretic foundation for the sudden waterpollution accident management system based on th e GIS.The sudden environmental pollution is the accidents whichhappened suddenly, and a great deal of pollutants are discharged orleaked out abnormally in a short time. It is an accident that is causedby the carelessness or mistakenly operation. The suddenenvironmental pollution accidents mainly include leakage of toxicchemicals, dispersion contamination accident, leakage of toxic gas,contamination accident of inflammable and explosive dangerous goods,contamination accident of acute-toxic pesticide, radioactivecontamination accident, contamination accident of oil spill or oilleakage. The sudden environmental pollution accidents are causedmainly by traffic accidents, enterprise discharge and pipeline leakage and so on. It has many characteristics, such as uncertainty, sudden,diffusibility, long-term influences.In this paper, the process of exploitation for contingencymanagement system and previous preparation of system establishment(design project of system) were introduced in detail based on th e GISsudden water environmental pollution accidents. It is the main basis onwhich a system can be done well, including the selection ofdevelopment tools, the selection and analysis of database, designingideas of system interface and the demand of softw are platform and soon.The module design was used in this system, including systemoperation module, map operation module, data maintenance module,data query module, water quality early warning module, emergencyresponse platform module and help module. The function of systemwas used easily, and the system was maintainability and easy tooperate. The management, appraisal of water contamination accidentand establishment of emergency preplan were offered by the platformusing GIS system as basis, combined with drainage basin map.The system can carry out the entering, searching, modifying anddeleting function to the environment fundamental data basically.Through relevant information, the scope of pollution source , thescope which influence the downriver residents'production and life andharm degree can be judged rapidly, and the sudden water pollutionaccidents which occurred conveniently deal with, the processingmethod to the accident can be accurately retrieve, the pollutionaccident harm falls to the lowest as soon as possible. The water qualityappraisal function of the system can carry on the present situationappraisal to a certain water environment, and the special charts can beproduced. Finally, the appraisal results of water quality rank weredetermined. The emergency management data maintenance means tocarry on the operation of adding or deleting the data. When the suddenwater pollution accidents occur, the pollution accident response canrapidly search the treatment or similar treatment methods, can makethe emergency response quick, which can treat the sudden waterpollution accident efficiently. The development of this system canrelease the staff from searching lots of environment files, can searchthe relevant information promptly, can enhance the working efficiency,can save the time of rescuing the accident, and can provide a convenient, effective, energy-saving and quick method to theenvironmental protection department.