A Study On Environmental Effects Of Urbanization In Henan Province

With the great speed of economic development, the acceleration progress of urbanization, the urbanization has great impact on the society, economy, environment and the carrying capacity of population of our society. Study on the problems is not only the hot subject, but also the need of the sustainable development of the society, and the exploration of the laws of their development and evolution mechanism can provide feasible countermeasures and macro decision-making to make the system of society-economy- environment a benign circulation. According to ecological footprint theory and data from Henan Statistical Yearbook from 1995 to 2005, using the statistical assaying software Spass11.0, this paper analyzes embodied the process of urbanization in Henan province and its eco-environment changes to explore the basic rule and trend of the eco- environment problem in the course of urbanization, and put forward encounter measures to enhance harmonious development between urbanization and eco-environment.With the continuous development of urbanization, there has a rapid expansion of the urban population and a rapid expansion of urban land, Also come a series of problems that affect urban development. The nature of the crisis between urbanization and eco-environment is the crisis of man and nature. Urban development model is been decided by man's activities and value chose, so it is possible to realize harmonious development between urbanization and eco-environment by means of adjusting the activities.The number of per capita ecological footprint and ecological deficit in Henan province is much greater and increasing year by year. Ecological footprint and Ecological deficit has increased from 1.25876 hm~2/cap and 0.922331 hm~2/cap in 1995 to 2.40246 hm~2/cap and 1.975508 hm~2/cap 2005, which has increased to 47.6% and 53.3% respectively and has overed Global average per capita ecological threshold. the urbanization in Henan province has coursed ecological press to local and around region through consumer all kinds of nature recourses, which means Henan province is in the state of unsustainable development and has a trend of deterioration.From 1995 to 2005,the ecological footprint of ten thou. and Yuan GDP in Henan province has been induced by 44.5%,which reflect urbanization has improved the efficiency in the use of resources and the ability of sustainable development has enhanced. Henan ecological footprint mainly compose of fossil fuels and cultivated land and keep increasing at the rate of one percentage point a year during the past 11 years, more than 90 % of ecological carrying capacity from arable land, Followed by construction sites and woodland. Ecological carrying capacity has keep increasing and the fastest growth rate in construction sites.The impact of urbanization on the environment through Population growth and migration, economic expansion and promotion, Geographic expansion and landscape change. In this process, the impact to eco-environment follows this order: population urbanization, economic urbanization, social urbanization, the urbanization of space.At the same time, the paper gives 3 measures for the harmonious development between urbanization and eco-environment: Urban ecological planning, urban ecological construction and ecological management. Town Planning should adapt to the requirements for the development of ecological civilization to achieve "ecosystems", we should Use the ecological thinking, methods and techniques in the planning system, administrative system and operating system to bring about change and ensure the scientific and ecological rationality urban planning and urban management.