Evaluation On Environmental Damage Costs Of Air Pollution Death Endpoint In Hangzhou

Along with the rapid development of social economy, rapid increase of population, improvement of material life and rising of welfare in their production and life course, meanwhile, they also have given rise to negative influence on environment and have paid for the huge environment cost for the serious pollution. Air pollution has become one of the most series problems that cannot be ignored for cities all around the world. The adverse effects resulted from air pollution are comprehensive. The damage to human health attracts specially attention because of its huge economic cost. Evaluating the air pollutants human health costs can quantify the damage human beings suffered from air pollution monetary.After studied the adverse effects detailed, death end point of air pollution was chosen as research object. Adopting the CVM which has been widely used in western countries, the willingness to pay for improving air quality and reducing the health risk from air pollution of citizens in Hangzhou were investigated. Meanwhile, it also calculated the VOSL of citizens in Hangzhou with reference to our former research in YLL caused by air pollution in Hangzhou, and conducted environmental costs according to the loss number of lives caused by different pollutants and different pollutant sources, and finally determinants of amount of WTP conditional were discussed. By comparing the results of the research with reported conclusions drawn by others both at home and abroad, it analyzed the effects of different factors on the willingness to pay, and at the same time checks the accuracy of this research. The main achievements were as follows:Firstly, 83.26% of the all 684 informants was willing to pay certain outlay to improve the environment and meliorate their living condition. Their WTP was 76.3RMB per year. So, the VOSL of the death risk reduction of air pollution in Hangzhou was 22.18 million RMB.Secondly, the total environmental cost of air pollution death end point was 13.50 billion RMB in 2004, accounting for 5.37% of the GDP of the city.Thirdly, industrial emission whose environmental cost reached 12.91 billion RMB was still the main cause of human health damage from air pollution, accounting for 95.65% of the total environmental cost. The next was vehicle emission, about 5,167.94 million RMB, accounting for 3.83%. The last was the services, about 709.76 million RMB, accounting for only 0.53%.Fourthly, PM₁₀ was the primary air pollutant that harms human health among the three main air pollutants. Its environment cost was 10.99 billion RMB, accounting for 83.72% of the total environmental cost. The next was NO_X whose contribution was 11,644.5 million RMB. The last was the SO₂, accounting for 7.66% of the total environmental cost.Fifthly, iacome display positive relationships with WTP not only among the informants in a same investigation or investigations organized in different areas, which means higher income people were more willing to contribute for air pollution reduction. Other factors such as family size, age and education also had great influence on WTP. However, their disciplinarian needs to be proved in the future research.