Chinese Ecological Public Governance: Idea, Institution And Policy

Accompanying with the high speed of economic development in recent years, China has been up against the top of "Environmental Kuznets Curves". Ecosystem problem is becoming a public crisis, the huge cost of environmental resource for economy development is list as the first one of eight most worst problems for the reigning in the coming days. Rethinking eco-crisis, impulsive economy growth is the main cause . Chinese government has oriented too much to economic growth because of reform &opening policy, focused economic growth as centre on value , built marketing economic system as core on institution , put economic policy into practice , encouraged "GDP adoration ". The hope of eco-governance and ecological amelioration is to change the government type—oriented to ecosystem instead of economic growth, pursuing the harmony between human beings and nature, implementing the sustainable development strategy. Due to the Chinese government's enormous influence on the ecosystem and its leadership of eco-governance in the future, it's so necessary to take the academic discussion on the eco-governance. The core of the discussion is trying to find the way of eco-governance which is suitable for the situation of the country. It includes three levels: idea, institution and policy. During this period, public governance can be the most advisable mode. This is a new governance mode leaded by government, helped and cooperated by principal parts—"government - society - citizen", emphasized democracy and focused on the citizens' participation.First, on ideological level, ecological public governance emphasizes eco-civilization, insists ecosystem priority, considers that the economic development should keeps coinciding with eco-development. Second, on institutional level, due to our national tradition and current status, the eco-political movement will be a unity which is leaded by the government authority and assisted by the market, and the multi-principal parts which are based on various participation of the citizen. Under multilateral interaction and harmonic cooperation between each principal part, it is a "participating and responsing mode" of governance to shake off the traditional mode of economic growth, to realize the eco-civilization transforming, especially to find the eco-governance potential of the civil society. The emergence and development of eco-NGO is not only the enlightenment and popularization of the eco-consciousness, the requirement and result of continuous development of eco-democracy but also the need to deal with the "government's failure" and the "markets failure". Moreover,eco-NGO can be taken as a "social safety valve" of the eco-crisis, and one of principal parts of governance. It has demonstrated enormous latent energy and the boundless prospect in the field of eco-protection. Third, on policy level, the government should set up the basic system platform for the ecological public governance, structure democratic consultation system and design a set of fine public participation system for the citizen. The government should keep certain competition in benign cooperation with eco-NGO in order to drive the development of the eco-government.