Synthesis And Evaluation Of Viscosity Reduction For Crude Oils

High viscosity, high density and poor flowability of Liaohe heavy oil brought great difficulties to the production and transportation of the crude oil. It has important value to improve its flow behavior in production process by developing various chemical flow improves. On the basis of summarization and exploration of the mechanism of oil-soluble viscosity reducer, two viscosity reducer which aims to Liaohe heavy oil's character were designed. The viscosity reducer effection is separating the resin and asphalt from layer structure and liberating liquid component which is packed by viscous crude oil. This essay selected higher acrylic ester, maleic anhydride and styrene which acted as monomers of polymerization for making copolymeric viscosity reducers. The effects of temperature, initiator dosage, catalyst dosage, reacting time and the proportion of reaction on the viscosity reduction of the products were studied. The results showed that the product had good effect on viscosity reduction. Adding kerosene with the viscosity reducer of 500μg·g-1 to Liaohe heavy oil , its apparent viscosity dropped 94% at 50℃, the net viscosity reduction rate was 34.7%. It showed that the flowability of crude oil could be improved by adding viscosity reducer.Intermediate emulsion which was between water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsion was formed by adding the oil-soluble flow improver, the viscosity of crude oil was reduced by emulsified viscosity reducer and polymer viscosity reducer. This particular type of emulsion gives a lower viscosity and exhibits the state. In this specified flow system, the correlation of emulsification and dissolution will immensely cut down the viscosity of crude. The adding amount, adding temperature and dosage of emulsifier were the primary factors which affected the viscosity reduction. The viscosity of Liaohe heavy oil decreased at least 99% by this method. Experimental results showed that the method combining emulsifier and oil-soluble viscosity reducer not only decreased the adding dosage of kerosene, but also had better effect.Experiments results showed that the two types of polymer had effection on the viscosity reduction of Liaohe residue. So the development of oil-soluble viscosity reducer to improve flowability of the residue and effective use of residue was important.Finally, higher acrylic ester and two types of polymer by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography were analyzed. Result showed that the ester product had no other by-products. It was proved by using infrared ray graph that all kinds of groups existed in 18 acrylic ester and polymer.