| Water is the most active gene in the ecosystem. With the rapid development of population and economy, the part of water natural ecosystem needed is taken by people's production and living.So the problem of water environment is becoming more and more serious. Research on eco-environmental water demands to assure the balance of ecological environment or healthy development, can supply scientific theory for rational water resources allocation and manage.Through analyzing the effect of ecosystem in reservoir, the eco-environmental water demand of reservoir is defined and its calculation principles, steps and methods are researched.The thesis take the reservoir of xujiaping as an example, investigate the situation of hydrobiont in that river, the results indicate that the river's water quality is fine. At the same time, the type of eco-environmental water demand of reservoir is analyzed , and all kinds of eco-environmental water demand are calculated. The thesis do main research on leaking an ecological environment water demands maintaining hydrobiont's survival and their habitats in lower reaches of reservoir. Since rainfall is more than evaporation in the reservoir ,the water demand of evaporation is 0; From the scale of generate electricity, the water demand of energy produce is 65833600m3 m3; the water demand of ensureing the reservoir's water line of fetching water is 172400m3,this water can also maintain hydrobiont's survival and their habitats in reservoir. According to the growing periods animal and plant in lower reaches of reservoir, it uses the method of hydrodynamic simulation and the least monthly ecological runoff to calculate the minimal eco-environmental water demands one year respectively and the result is 6307200m3 and 6072200m3, and the method of Tennant is used to compare and verify the results of the two methods,the least monthly ecological runoff is more reasonable. So the total of ecological environment water demands of reservoir is 72078200m3.
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