Study On Ecological Damage Assessment Model Of Marine Oil Spill

Along with the economic development and social progress, the demand of human for oil is increasing. Therefore the oil pollution incidents caused by petroleum operations occurred frequently, and produced huge damage more and more significantly, especially for marine ecosystem and human health. Once the oil spill happened, people must make responses quickly and accurately. One of the responses is the damage assessment about marine oil spill. The past damage assessment only referred to some losses easy to calculate, such as clean-up costs, fishery losses, property losses, accident investigation costs and so on, ignoring the ecological damage losses, while it's the important parts of total losses caused by oil spill. It's of great significance to sustainable use of marine resources and sustainable development of human. Now the damage assessment systems of marine oil spill are relatively perfect abroad, but china's are few because the legal basis is lacked. On condition that the study on ecological damage assessment has not yet expanded in-depth and claims about oil spill accidents are not fully, this paper developed a ecological damage rapidly assessment model of marine oil spill in terms of ecosystem service functions to serve to marine oil spill management and ecological claims.The ecological damage rapidly assessment model is consist of two parts, and they are marine ecosystem service function losses and marine environmental capacity losses. For marine ecosystem service function losses, this paper used the academic achievements of Costanza for reference, and divided marine ecosystem into three categories:ecologically sensitive area to oil spill, ecologically sub-sensitive area to oil spill, and ecologically non-sensitive area to oil spill. Each category was given different ecological sensitive coefficient to amend the assessment results. Considering the impact factors, such as the oil spill volume, dispersion area, and quality, the ecosystem service function losses formula was made up. The marine environmental capacity losses were calculated by the average of shadow project method and utility function method. The sum of ecosystem service function losses and marine environmental capacity losses is the last result of the ecological damage rapidly assessment model of marine oil spill. Using "TASMAN SEA" spill accident happened in Bohai Sea in 2002 as the case, the fifth part of the paper validated whether the model is reliable and reasonable. The results showed:the ecological damaged losses were consistent with the original assessment value. So the model proposed in this paper is reasonable to some extent.In a word, the ecological damage rapidly assessment technique of marine oil spill is complex and imperative, involved many disciplines, and difficult to study, but strong practice. The model proposed by this paper has some strong-points, which is the simple assessment process, the shorter assessment time and strong applicable properties. The results assessing "TASMAN SEA" accident were reasonable to some extent, but some shortcomings existed in this model. If you want to acquire the assessment results more quickly, some extra jobs must be done. In future, the study of ecological damage rapidly assessment of marine oil spill will be the hot points. It's necessary to discuss the ecological damage rapidly assessment deeply and to improve the legal system and strengthen supervision to make the ecological losses caused by marine oil spill compensated fully and effectively. And the basic database need be built to lay a solid foundation for research on the ecological damage assessment of marine oil spill.