| Under long-time interaction of culture and environment, a balance of ecology and economyl development has formed in Chinese traditional settlements. The traditional settlements are of vital importance in ecological and cultural protection. And it is also an interesting study subject for sustainability science and trans-disciplinary research.In this study, Chinese traditional Feng-shui theory and place-sensing method based on phenomenology, landscape spatial analysis based on modern landscape pattern theory were combined to analyze the Zhagana settlement from multiple viewpoints. Stereoscopic structure, ecological elements, and spatial pattern were examined in order to explore the ecological rationality and internal driving forces embodied in the ideal landscape type, and try to understand the interaction between culture and environment in settlement development. The major study achievements are as belows:(1) Place-sensing method based on phenomenology indicates that the Zhagana settlement is a typical 'World-in-Pot' mode with' Basin-Gap-Corridor' structure, which has the 'mountain-forest-village-river-forest' structure of the ideal Chinese landscape. With the ecological balance mechanism formed after a long history in basin area, this kind of settlement type was in the ascendant of enclose-scale effect, edge effect, isolation effect and gap-corridor effect. Taking human architecture as the center, the landscape has an ecological circle structure on both horizontal and vertical levels.(2) With excelent geology and landforms conditions, hydroclimate resources, environmental quality and biological resources, Feng-shui mode analysis indicates that the overall ecological and geographic conditions coincide with the principle of 'Cang-feng De-shui' in ancient Chinese Feng-shui theory. The architecture arrangement coherences to the natural Drift Theroy. With similar interface characteristics between each village, four whole villages concentrate around the Lasang Temple.(3) Landscape pattern index analysis based on modern landscape pattern theory indicates that the number of patch types is 10, including 58 patches in all, and the total area of the landscape is 4943.68 hm2, with a patch density of 1.17. Forestland and hill dryland compose the matrix of the settlement landscape, with a proportion of. 66.31 percent. The natural, semi-artificial and artificial patches show a mix mosaic distribution of fingerlike pattern and patches-dispersion pattern. In landscape level, the value of AWMPFD index is 1.12. With SHDI value of 1.63 and SHEI value of 0.71, the diversity and evenness of the whole landscape are high. While IJI index value reaches to 72.41. With low artificial patch area proportion (only 3.346 percent), Zhagana is characterized by extremely sparse settlement (PR<0.001%), and human disturbance of the environment is very low.(4) The settlement pattern of Zhagana revolving about Zang religion finalized at the beginning of its formation. With social and economic development and policies influences, the scale of Zhagana villiage enlarged while the porpotion of each patch type changed a little. The formation and devolopment of Zhagana's ideal landscape pattern are mainly driven by the interactions between cultural and environmental forces.This study establishes a foundation for the Zhagana settlement's protection and development. The first is to improve Zhagana's idea landscape pattern naturally and culturally by rational spatial ecological planning. Secondly, taking Zhagana settlement as an inegrated protection area is a better way for settlement sustainable development. Based on the principle of ecological protection, temperate construction for landscape element, transportation, drainage system, ecological technic and ecological tourism is needed.The interaction of culture and nature is pivotal for development and stabilization of settlement. Besides, an applying of compositive research method by landscape ecology, ethnology and psychological statistics is theoretical significant and practical valuable for the research of multifunctional Landscape.It also has both theoretical significance and practical value for the research on cultural-environmental interactions and the Chinese multifunctional landscape model.
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