The Research Of Optimized Of Fire Station Based On Major Hazard Assessment

With the rapid development of urban modernization, the number of different types of departments, enterprises and facilities have increased; the demand for electricity and fuel in civilian and industrial use have multiplied; organic materials are widely used, such as polystyrene foam and plastic products; and the high-risk constructions like high-rise buildings, underground construction and joint production plant building have increased in numbers. These changes have increased the city's fire risk. These high-risk businesses and facilities are major hazards.The complexity of the reality increased the difficulty of city's fire fighting. The major hazards are the fundamental carrier of major fires. The massive casualties and serious impact on people's property caused by major disasters damage China's economic construction badly. The following issues become hot topics people discuss and concern: whether the major hazards could be grasped and effectively prevented and controlled before the disaster; whether the targeted community fire prevention system could be established; whether disaster losses could be minimized by rational use of existing resources and optimal allocation of fire fighting and rescue force.Hazard is the root of all kinds of accidents, it is the potential insecurity which is likely to lead to accidents resulting in casualties and property losses and other damage. Purpose of this paper is to describe that, the optimization allocation of fire service resources should be based on the characteristics and scale of major hazards, rather than the traditional equal division, which resulting in waste of resources. Fire forces at all levels should reasonably determine the number, layout, scale, and area of fire stations on the basis of the distribution of major hazards and different fire risks, such as the distribution of high-rise buildings, underground engineering, petrochemical companies, and crowded places, etc.; prepare much-needed vehicles and equipment for the fire stations; scientifically allocate a variety of human and material resources; implement the best combination of people, equipment and the operational objects, in order to play the maximum performance of fire-fighting equipment, and to achieve the modernization, rationalization, and practicality of the allocation of fire fighting resource.By analyzing the authoritative statistical report of fire accident, the regularity of fire accident in different regions and various types of places is acquired; the probability of fire, the losses caused by fire and the demand for fire fighting and rescue forces on various types of fire accidents are analyzed. With major hazards assessment theory, the key factors that affect the layout of urban fire stations are investigated. Fire rescue simulation are carried out on major hazards; the relationship between the time of the fire brigade to reach the scene of fired and the fire damage are analyzed, as well as the factors that affect the fire brigade to reach the scene; the optimized layout program is established. It is proposed that, the pertinence of the construction of fire forces should be strengthened; the fire forces must be configured in the high-risk areas of fire; the principle of reducing the overall fire risk should be taken as the guideline in the layout of urban fire stations. The Dadong District of Shenyang in Liaoning Province is taken for an example; the correctness of this optimization program is proved by the contrast of the efficiency of simulated layout and the existing fire power layout in the disposal of urban fires.