Evaluation Of Situation Risk Based On Driving Simulator

Nearly90%of accidents due to human factors according to the statistics results. The Blue Book2007of Road Safety in China also pointed out that95.3%of road accidents in China were due to the weakness of safety awareness of drivers and pedestrians, and then due to the driving faults. It is of importance to improve road safety and reduce traffic accidents by researching the risk perception characteristics, process and capability of the drivers. At the same time, almost30%of road accidents in China occurred on intersections. The studies of drivers’risk perception based on intersections are of a more typical level of scientific significance.Based on risk driving situations of the combination of static and dynamic features, the concepts of risk degree of driving situation were put forward, including the definition of risk degree of static, dynamic and standard situation; After the studying for the risk influence factors of driving situation and the traffic conflict process, a discriminates model was proposed based on traffic conflict, as well as a static situation risk comprehensive judging method of subjective evaluation based on the four dimensions of risk perception, decision-making, control and consequences; For the research’s object of risk driving situations for six typical urban road intersections, the subjective evaluation questionnaire was designed based on risk driving situation sketch maps, and the evaluations of static situation risk for six typical situations were carried out.With the technology of the driving simulation experimental research, the evaluation research for dynamic situation risk degree was carried out. Firstly, the driving simulation scenarios were constructed on the basis of risk driving situation; Secondly,12traffic safety experts and skilled professional drivers (expertise subjects) were recruited to the risk of driving in the dynamic simulation scenarios; Finally, the subjects driving behaviors were extracted by the simulation driving and subjective evaluation by using a driving simulator platform, eye tracking device and questionnaires, and the risk degree of situations were evaluated by the results of driving behaviors and questionnaires. Combined with the subjective risk assessment questionnaire results, participants in the process of dynamic driving dynamic risk degrees were calculated, and the driving situation as standard situation degrees of risk measure. Results show there were similar results for the risk degree and static situation risk degree standard situation, which verified the effectiveness of the situational risk evaluation. Through the results of subjects’ simulation experiments, the driving behaviors’ differences among participants in different degree of risk situations were analyzed. The results showed between the5seconds before and after the time that the severity of the conflict reached the maximum, the higher degree of risk driving situations, the smaller average speed of the participants, the larger the average braking deceleration and the longer the average braking time. The results folly verified the feasibility of situational degree of risk evaluation method. Finally, we constructed the discriminating standard for drivers’ risk perception ability based on the standard situational risk degree of expertise subjects.