| "Compact City" theory originated from European countries which calls for adopting concentrated and compact urban form to reduce the cost of city functioning and to achieve sustainable development. Under the background of rapid-urbanization, China's medium or small-scale cities have wasted too much resources through extensive growth and make it impossible to upgrade construction level or achieve sustainable development. So "Compact City" theory and practices are of great value to achieve intensive development for China's medium or small-scale cities and to establish a sustainable development theory appropriate for China. This article aims at approaching compact planning layout of medium or small-scale cities on the basis of analyzing European "Compact City" theory and practices and considering the realities of China. It contains three parts: the research of "Compact City" theories, case studies of "Compact City" practices and compact planning layout approaches for China's medium or small-scale cities.Part one is to establish a framework of "Compact City" theory through the research of urban morphology, analyzing the logical connection between concentration and decentralization of urban morphology, compact urban morphology and the principles and goals of "Compact City".Part two is practice and case studies which being further divided into two parts. The first is an analysis of the "Compact City" practices of Europe and summarizing general methods for achieving compact urban form, with the feasibility study of these methods examined through comparing the reality of China with European cities. The second part is case studies of present situation and urban planning of China's medium or small-scale cities, aiming at finding out their roots of decentralized layout.Part three, which in combining the conclusion above with economical considerations , advances the principles and models of compact layout and tentatively touching upon the city functioning system.
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