Study On The Index System And Ecological Approaches On Construction Of Environment And Sanitation In The Rural Area Of Shanghai

It is a significant task in modernization drive to construct new socialist villages for our country. Construction of environment & sanitation in rural area is an important part of building new socialist village. The conditions of environment & sanitation in the rural area are far behind the urban area in Shanghai due to the ignorance of the management for the long period of dual structures of the city and the countryside, although the level of economy development is relatively higher in China. There is a large disparity between management level and capability in China and standards as an international metropolis. Moreover, researchs on environment & sanitation construction and management are just beginning.The dissertation is mainly on the ecological approaches index system on construction of environment and environment & sanitation in the rural area of Shanghai. In this dissertation, the prolems and deficiencies of the building of environment & sanitation of new socialist villages were reveled, and the index system and aims of environment & sanitation were also established. In addition, the appropriate ecological approaches and management measures were put forward.Based on the investigation and questionnaire, it was concluded that the status of environment & sanitation is unsatisfying, and a large number of problems were discovered, of which lack of funds, defects of management system, faultiness of infrastructure, environment & sanitation unconsciousness of the villagers, backward management of immigrating population, imbalance of regional development were the most evident.From the statistics of the questionnaires and environment & sanitation yearbooks, the index system and integrated assessmenta system were designed. The aims in a short term and a medium term were enacted based on both the references of the experts and the data from the yearbooks on environment & sanitation.The ecological approaches were put forward from the problems and defects of the environment & sanitation in the rurual area of Shanghai, the advanced techniques and ecological theoretics abroad and domestic, the trends and requests of construction of environment & sanitation and the conditions of the characteristics of the rural area, economy and population structure.The participation synthetical management system in favor of reaching targets of rural environment & sanitation construction in Shanghai rural areas based on the analysis of various intrest groups. In order to construct the environment & sanitation ecologically, the government should take a series of effective measures. Firstly, the government should establish and implement the programming on the construction of rural environment & sanitation. Secondly, the disjoint of city and countryside should be settled, the institution of environment & sanitation management should be perfected and the management system should be improved. Third, the fountion of the government in rural environment & sanitation should be altered, and the supervise system containing effective macro-regulation, comprehensive market supervision system and legal administration supervision system should also be perfected. Last but not least, the system of laws and regulations in relation to the environment & sanitation should be constituted and perfected.The diversified investment system and mechanism of conducting based on market is necessary. There are many kinds of funds resources for rural environment & sanitation construction, such as the investment from industry, the financial budget from the government, atc. Diversified investment, financing and repayment, participation international cooperation can make adequate founds for construction of rural environment & sanitation. Last, villagers should be more conscious about the problems of environment & sanitation and participate actively.