Research Of Pedestrian Crowding Mechanism And Behavior In Large-scale Public Buildings

The collective human in the large-scale public buildings usually is the hidden danger of accidents. The crowding is more serious, the accident risk is higher, and it also leads to heavier casualties and loss. In order to suggest practical ways to prevent dangerous crowd pressures, this paper has established a model of pedestrian behavior to investigate the pedestrian crowding mechanism and behavior in public buildings and to evaluate the effects of a proposed policy on the pedestrian facilities before its implementation.Firstly, this paper describes some experiments performed to study pedestrian walking behavior in straight passage of underground station where microscopic data is collected, which then is generalized to macroscopic pedestrian behavior characteristics. The result has been put on knowledge indispensable as input for the pedestrian simulation tool, such as fundamental relations between walking speed and density.Then, some new rules, such as the anisotropic characteristic of pedestrian movement, the avoidance of dynamic congested areas, have been added to the pedestrian simulation model based on Social Force Model, and algorithm has been optimized with the help of static force grid, so the simulation becomes more veritably and computational speed is also accelerated greatly. The simulation model has been validated by the comparison between the real world data and simulations.Finally, the simulation model is applied for some experiments on a hypothetical and practical situation to estimate the capacity of bottlenecks, to gain more understanding of pedestrian behavior in one way and two way situations and to evaluate some policies on exit design in underground station.