Evolution Of The Spatial Form Of Beijing City(1900-1949)

Beijing,the capital of China,which is the reputation of the ancient capital planning.After Opium War,the feudalism society has gradually disassembly, accommodating to the social economic change,presents the transform development character.The paper aims to study the spatial structure character at first,and then analyzes the factors,the modes and the causes of the evolution,to research for the relation between the social and economic development,and sums up the law of the evolution of the Beijing city from 1900 to 1949.This paper totally includes three parts:The first part summarizes the foundation of the spatial form of Beijing City.Beijing,resorting to region advantages and physical geography foundation,continues the spatial structure of capital city.From 1900,the Eight-Nation Allied Army invaded in Beijing,demarcated Dongjiaominxiang embassy area,electric cars,railways and other new traffic ways were used,historic places are opened.The spatial form evolution presents phrase characters,gradually developed from in the late Qing Dynasty mainly in inner city(1900-1911),the transform period of the Republic of China for a short time(1912-1927),to the slowly period after the anti-Japanese invasion period(1928-1949).The second part analyzes the evolution factors of the spatial form,such as political systems,the technology and economic factors,architecture environment factors.Changes in certain place and the whole transform development process combined,which had special modern meanings.The last part analyzes the evolution mode and mechanism of the spatial form.The spatial form,affected by politics,economics,and other social elements,function movement, had transformed organically.At the same time,new urban transportation ways and other outer elements had combined with the old city form organically.The creative points in the dissertation is,based on the transform development view,the paper analyzes the process and character of the evolution of the city,the essential factors and concludes the cause and mechanism of the evolution of the city spatial structure,which provides an ideal model for the comparative study of cities.