Plant Landscape Research In Lijiang Temple Landscape Architecture

With the buddhist Localization and Nationalization, the Chinese temple landscape architecture which is a excellent cultural heritage of Chinese classical garden also gradually formed its own distinctive style and unique connotation, and plant landscape is the material and spiritual component of this style and unique connotation.At present, however ,most of the researches on temple only lay stress on the architecture and culture aspect, Plant landscape Space are still vacant Based on reading some papers and collecting the correlative datas, This paper takes 6 temple courtyards and 5 temple gardens as the researching object of six Lijiang temples, analyzing the current plant disposition status of these temple courtyards and gardens with plant community methods, including the community species composition, quantitative features, species diversity and similarity coefficient etc, it applise the characteristics of the plant community and rationality about the communities of trees, shrubs and density of trees, evergreen shrubs, deciduous trees in the quantity and type. Finally, give Lijiang Temple landscape architecture a preliminary evaluation,according to the theory of plant disposition and Plant landscape Space. Then, talk about existing problems, draw off developing mestures. The main conclusions were as follows:(1) There are 56 species of plants which can be divided in 33 families and 45 genera in all the temple courtyards and temple gardens of 6 temples..6 temple courtyards contain 30 species of plants ,belonging to 18 families and 22 genera; 5 temple gardens contain 39 species of plants beonging to 26 families and 37genera .The dominant specie in both temple courtyards and temple gardens is tree,especially evengreen tree. The dominant specie of twe temple courtyards is arborvitae ,and in twe temple gardens ,the dominant specie is China Savin ,and in other temple courtyards and temple gardens,the dominant species focus on Osmanthus fragrans, plum and Cherry Blossom or other indigenous species.(2) The diversty of tree lay and shrub lay in temple courtyards is better than that of temple gardens. The diversity of shrub lay in temple courtyards and temple gardens are poor. There are low similarity in 6 temple courtyards and temple gardens; In temple courtyards, the density of tree is more than shrub, and in temple gardens, the density of shrub is mainly more than that of tree; both densities of tree and shrub are larger in temple gardens; the quantity and species of evergreen and deciduous tree are mainly larger in temple gardens than that in temple courtyards. Specie of evergreen shrub in temple courtyards is more than temple gardens, but quantity is lower than temple gardens, the specie and quantity of deciduous shrub are both larger than temple courtyards.(3) The design of plant landscape space mainly depended on temple landscape architecture and courtyard form,which can be expressed as three parts: the space limiting factors of plant landscape are well performed in temple gardens, the plant organizing form of temple courtyards is worse, which can not form available space limiting factors; The static space is fewer than moving space , The static space are mainly located in the temple gardens and temple courtyards in front of grandiose palace ,moving space are mainly located in front of propylaea and front courtyard. According to temple pattern, the space patten of temple landscape also can be classified as entrance,temple courtyard and temple garden(4) Due to the lack of shrub layer, the types of plants disposition is simple. Most commonly used for linear planting and coupled planting, and all the main plant are tree, for exanple, isolated planting, linear planting and coupled planting. In plant color disposition aspect, the six temples are mainly dark green leaf color, and light green as a supplement; flower color are mainly red series and white series, and their florescence concentrated in the spring.(5) During the reseach of plant community and Plant landscape space,Some suggestions to the plant disposition and landscape construction of temple landscape in Lijiang were summed up as follows: Reinforce plant's curing and manage,especially Original vegetation protection and Environmental renovation of temple vicinity, then recover the zonality plant landscape of the temple; Appropriately increase the quantity and species of shrubs and herbaceous plants. Establish a reasonable artificial plant community by community theory,which has a good arrangement of trees and shrubs; Paying more attention to Protect the diversity of plants, Promote their natural regeneration and succession; Construct plant landscape need for an appropriate design in details.