Study And Optimized Design Of Electronic Toll Collection System

With the development of ITS (Intelligent Transport System) technology and to meet the requirement of transportation, some of domestic & foreign toll stations adopt multiple tolling methods, for example cash and non-cash, parking required and not required. They have established manual toll collection lanes, ETC lanes and the mix toll collection lanes. Efficiency of ETC is 5~10 times higher than manual collection method. Generally speaking, using ETC technology can improve the handling ability of toll station, but in fact, it doesn't mean the quantity of vehicles passed in unit time can certainly increase. The reason is if the utilization rate of ETC lanes is not high, the decrease of manual toll collection lanes caused by seting ETC lanes will lead to congestion of the whole station, at the same time, the ETC lanes are idle and wasteful. However, if the utilization rate of ETC lanes is too high but the allocation of lanes hasn't changed, the delaying of ETC lanes is more serious than manual toll collection lanes. Therefore, we must analysis and make clear of its utilization rate, relative costs and drivers'characters, and calculate out the percentage of the vehicles that will use ETC lanes, so as to decide the allocation of lanes before investing in ECT technology.The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the allocation and optimization of lanes during the construction of toll collection system. The thesis is divided into three parts: firstly discussing the ETC system in Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu highway; secondly establishing the mathematical mode of vehicles'queuing problem in highway toll stations based on the stochastic queuing theory. And take the toll station in Langfang cloverleaf intersection of Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu highway for example, I had worked out the efficiency parameter of normal time and rush time and the way of deciding the number of toll lanes, and listed the potential delaying model for ETC lanes, manual toll collection lanes & mix toll collection lanes; lastly, based on the stochastic queuing theory and as a principle of the minimal cost of highway toll station system, I have founded the mathematical model and worked out the best allocation method of traffic lanes by using Genetic algorithm. And applied this method to the design of toll station system in DaYangfang station of Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu highway, so that we get the best allocation of ETC lanes & manual lanes with the improvement of ETC utilization rate, and the cost of the system is minimal. In a word, this theis provides a method of design and optimization highway toll collection systerm according to the utilization rate of ETC lanes and provides a theoretical basis for toll collection systerm construction.