Study On Safety Evacuation Of High-rise Residential Building In Fire Condition

The number of high-rise residential building is more than 50% of all high-rise buildings in China. Because high-rise residential building has high uprightness altitude, once it is on fire, the fire smoke will be spread rapidly and hardly to put it off. Even worse, it may cause serious casualty. On one side, the fire design and safety management of high-rise residential building can not satisfy occupant's safety requirement. On the other side, the fire evacuation research of pubic places is very popular, but it is lack of studying at fire evacuation of high-rise residential building. People will have different action in different surroundings when they are in fire. What's more, the evacuation plan is relevant to occupant evacuation efficiency. It tries to study at fire evacuation of high-rise residential building as two aspects.Firstly, according to human behaviour theory, it mainly analyzed five aspects how to affect human action, including human, human action, fire smoke, building configuration and safety evacuation and management. Then it pointed out the basic rule of human action in fire condition. It explicated family behaviour in fire through human crowd behaviour and explained the family behaviour in the point of sociological and psychological views. It found that resident evacuation is different from other surroundings. In the process of resident evacuation, they usually gathered first until all family members together, then they evacuated to safety places as a unit. Finally, it discussed the influence of family behaviour to evacuation time. Family behaviour is not propitious to evacuate, but it also has advantaged influence to evacuate.Secondly, contraposed to the problem of traditional evacuation manner, it briefly introduced the advantage of elevator evacuation and studied the fesibility of using elevator to evacuate occupants in high-rise residential building at the initial stage of a fire. It found that fire smoke can not spread to imperil elevator immediately but there is a period of time by understanding the fire developing rule. During this initial stage, fire smoke affect a little to the safety of elevator. It set up a new evacuation model which is fit for high-rise residential building according to this two congnitions. In order to analyze the feasibility of the model, it selected a residential building to illuminate. It got a reasult that the safety evacuation establishment of the building can reach the requirements of interrelated fire and safety regulations by checking. It supposed that one bedroom of the building catch on fire, then it used FDS5.0 and the method which referred in Building Basic Law of Japan to simulate the fire detecting time and pre-acting time. In order to get the evacuation time by stair and elevator, it used Melinek & Booth Formula and the method which used in accounting the evacuation time in the example of Motomachi high-rise building by Aiseklzawa who worked in Japan state fire science research institute to calculating the time respectively. The simulating result indicated that the evacuation time used by elevator is shorter than the evacuation time used by stair. Besides, it can use elevator evacuate occupants who stayed at fire floor or border upon floor successfully.So, it is obvious that human behaviour in high-rise residential building is different from other surroundings. Despite family behaviour may be not good for evacuation, it is also has advantaged aspect. It is feasible to use elevator to evacuate occupants to safety places in the initial stage of fire. It is noticeable that the evacuation plan can effectively help more occupants to evacuate successfully and reduce casualty.