Embryogenesis From Immature Embryos Of Wine Grape

This study was carried on immature zygotic embryos of wine grapes and about the factors affecting embryogenesis. Sinsaut made no difference when cultured on different initiation basal media (contained the same regulators) for callus initiation. Pinot Noir callus incidence ranged from 67.3% to 76.4% when placed on solid NN-1969 media with various combinations of 2,4- D (0.5-1 .0)mglL and 6-BA (0.5-2.0)mglL. It was found 2,4-D essential for induction embryogenic callus, but not IAA and NAA. Immature seeds of Kyoho were collected at 55d,75d and 95d post-anthesis respectively. Callus frequency of 95d was lower than the other two. while the former two stages were the same . Some berries of Hojin were chilled at 3 4C for 45d. Callus frequency of 55d and 75d were lower, but that of 95d was higher than not chilled. Callus of different cultivars were different in quality and quantity. Callus in all combinations was heterogeneous. There were EC and NEC. Cells of EC were small and regular and exhibited embryogenic competence. But NEC was on the contrary. 0.O3mg/L NAA+1 .Omg/L6-BA was the optimum regulator combination of all. EC, though came from different initiation media, had the same somatic embryogenesis incidence . But when EC cultured on different differentiation media, MS and NN-1969 were more effective than B5. The presence of AC stimulated embryogenesis. 2glL AC was better than that of 5g/L.Embroids emerged directly at the surface of EC and necrotic calli about one month after transferred to differentiation media. Embryoids occurred in all stages as zygotic embryo and were asynchronous. embryoids were white and opague. Secondary embryoids proliferated by budding at primary embryolds and long-term embryogenesis could maintained. Many of the embryoids were abnormal , such as monocotyledon and polycotyledon. Isolated embryoids did not germinate in differentiation medium. But began to turn green and developed into healthy plantlets when transferred to basal media without regulator. 1/2B5 and 1/2MS were optimum for embryoids rooting and B5 for germination. Germination rate was as high as 46.8%.Embryoids germination abnormal on media containing various concentrations of 6-BA. Media with GA3 and cold storage enhanced shoot growth. Plantlets exhibited morphology normal.