Genetic Analysis Of Main Characters From Immature Embryo Culture In Maize

It is because that the hereditary variation regularity for the main characters of the maize culturing such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction\efficiency of non-embryonic callus induction\embryonic callus clone ability and number of regenerating plant, which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear.Two kinds of the inbred line selected as parents that they were picked out the R18-599(hong) and R15 by Maize research institute of Sichuan agricultural university. The R18-599(hong) is not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding but also excellent in transformation character as the immature embryo culturing. R15 was taken as the other kind as it is good in crossbreeding, but bad in the transformation. Two maize Fj hybrids, F2s backcrosses Bls and B2s and their parents P, and P2 were used to estimate the gene effects for 4 culturing characters, with combing quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as 6 generation mean analysis by K. mather 6 generation joint analysis by Jun Yi Gai. The main results are followed:1. The results of 6 generation mean analysis showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with additive-domiance-epistatic gene model, and it obviously exited the interaction of double gene, the non-fixed component or dominance component was significantly. The non-embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with additive-domiance-epistatic genetic model, except for dominance effect and additivexdomiance gene effect, and the non-fixed genetic component was significantly smaller than fixed gentic component or dominance component. The number of regenerating plant accorded with additive-domiance genetic model, and degree of dominance was estimated at incomplete dominance. The embryogenetic callus clone ability accorded with additive-domiance genetic model, and the degree of dominance was estimated at overdominance.2. The results of 6 generation joint analysis showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency and the non-embryonic callus induction efficiency and embryo genie callus clone ability all accorded with two major genes plus polygene mixed inheritance model. The number of regeneration plant accorded with one major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model. As the same time, the major heritability of the four characters in the cross 18-599(hong)X R15 wereO.8233,0.6977, 0.7379, 0.4829 respectively. The polygene heritability were 0.0038, 0, 0.0825, 0.3825 respectively.culture of characters in maize had 3 kinds of heritability models. They displayed obviously qualitative-quantitative hereditary traits.4. The most agreeable hereditary model of the main traits of immature embryo culture maize was major gene plus polygene mixed hereditary model. Because the major gene was bigger about these traits. The different between the mean of two parents was dicided cross hybrid of mutation. If we request the excellent cross hybrid on immature embryo culture maize, we must have the parent that they have these excellent traits. If we had not the execellent parent, we can not across the gene specific combining ability to get the hybrid that have the excellent culturing traits. The culturing trait of maize was embellished by polygene. We should maximize the polygene effect for nurturing , the most excellent culturing trait for nurturing and the most excellent culturing trait of maize to be breeding material.