Study On The Effects Of Phosphorus On Tomato Yield And Quality

Tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. )is one of the most yield of crops for annual production. It is distributed widely and consumed most in the whole world. With the constant expanding of tomato covering cultivation areas,quantity of phosphate fertilizer increased gradually for tomato high yield, but utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer decreased, only 10%-25% phosphorus of applied is absorbed and utilized by crops in the season,other majority are fixed by soil,a large amount of phosphorus is wasted. Consequently,it is necessary that how to apply phosphate fertilizer rationally and raise the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer.The calcium superphosphate was regarded as the source of phosphate fertilizer in the tests,and tomato was the research object. In the condition of the same amount of phosphate fertilizer applied to tomato growth,one experiment was designed by different proportions of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing. Then in the condition of optimal proportion of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing.another experiment was designed to apply phosphate fertilizer in different stages. Both laboratory and greenhouse pop-experiment were carried out to reseach systematically the effects of different proportions of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing and phosphate fertilizer applied in different stages on tomato physiological characteristics,growth,yield and quality. The tests drew many conclusions:When proportion of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing was 6: 4, the yield of tomato increased remarkably and the quality improved. The reason of yield increased displayed on physiological indexes and appearance changes. The changes of the physiological indexes showed that the root activity and the ability of absorbing nutrient strengthened, the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium in root increased,the metabolism of the carbohydrate was promoted,so the phosphoesterase activity was reduced in leaves,the synthesis of the phosphorus was promoted. At the same time.metabolism of the nitrogen was promoted,the content of soluble protein and chlorophyll were improved in leaves indirectly. Appearances showed that the plant height,stem diameter,Length and width of maximum Leaf increased. The results of the quality analysis indicated that the content of soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble solids increased to some extent. So we should change the traditional applying fertilizer method that phosphate fertilizer was only used as basal manure in tomato production.In the condition of the suitable proportion of using phosphate fertilizer as basal manureand top dressing,top dressing total amount was divided into two parts equally,then applied in the time of the flower bud appearing of first inflorescence and the first fruit beginning expansion in the first ear,the yield of tomato increased remarkably and quality improved. Physiological indexes and appearance changes the reason of yield increased displayed that root activity and the ability of absorbing nutrient were strengthened,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium increased in root,the metabolism of the carbohydrate was promoted.and the phosphoesterase activity was reduced in leaves. At the same time,metabolism of the nitrogen was promoted,the content of soluble protein and chlorophyll were improved in leaves indirectly. Appearances showed that the plant height,stem diameter.Length and width of maximum Leaf increased. The result of the quality analysis indicated that the content of soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble solids were increased to some extent. So we can apply the method of using phosphate fertilizer in protect area of tomato cultivation.Postgraduate: GaoMeiling Major: Olericulture Superviser: Prof. Luan Feishi...