| China owns the most soybean resources in the world, and is the origin of the soybean, too. There are 11597 accessions of Summer sowing soybean, accounting for 49% in Chinese soybean germplasm. There are a lot of methods to divide soybean yield regions and subregions in our country, but Chinese Summer sowing soybean were divided into 2 different ecotypes: Huanghuai summer soybean and Southern summer soybean. According to growing area and yield, Huang Huai soybean is up to 30% of the nationwide, and Southern soybean is up to 19.5 %and 20.4%respectively. Because of the important position in Chinese soybean, it would be valuate the genetic diversity of these accessions of Huanghuai and Southern summer sowing soybean. In this study, 142 pieces of Huanghuai summer soybeans and 146 pieces of Southern summer soybeans, which sampled from primary core germplasm setting up by PhD Qiu L.J. using the optimization layer sampling means are as the materials of the experiment. Analyzing their genetic diversities by agronomic characteristics and 60 SSR's loci can clarify heredity variation features and distributing patterns of summer sowing soybean of our country. The aim was to make clear the genetic similarities and diversities in order to provide the evidence for utilization of summer soybean germplasm. Obtain the following several conclusions:1. By comparing the agronomic characteristics of Huanghuai summer soybean and Southern summer soybean, it is concluded that Southern summer sowing soybean is higher in the Protein content, Bearing stage and 100 seed weight, and Huanghuai summer soybean is higher in the Plant highness and Fat content. By analysizing the genetic diversities of quantity agronomic characteristics, the average diversity index of Huanghuai summer soybean a litter higher than the Southern summer soybean, but difference is not significant. Using SSR data to compare the diversity of the two ecotypes, both Shannon weaver index (SWI) average (1.81)and Simpson index (SI) average (0.76) of Huanghuai are higher than Southern summer soybean (SWI=1.75, SI=0.73), but only SI of the former was significant difference than SI in later.2. There were alleles at 60 loci with average alleles per locus of 13.47, from 2 to 38 alleles, and total 808 alleles. The Huanghuai summer sowing soybean has 725 alleles and 141 unique alleles, which was lower than that of Southern summer sowing soybean (729 and 145), despite the loci for unique alleles were difference between two types of summer sowing soybeans, there were no significant difference.3. The SWI of Huanghuai summer soybean is between 0.632 and 2.964, SI of that is between 0.342 and 0.912. The SWI of Southern summer soybeans is from 0.324 to 3.026, SI is from 0.149 to 0.931. The genetic diversity index average of the whole summer sowing soybean is 1.869. The genetic diversity index inner two type summer soybean is up to 95.37% of that of the whole summer soybean, but between two ecotype is only up to 4.63 %, it is indicated the genetic variance between two ecotype summer sowing soybean is far smaller than that of interior two type summer soybean.4. By comparison of pairwise similarities between or within each of both type summer sowing soybeans, similarities coefficients between Huanghuai summer soybeans ranged 0.161-0.285, average is 0.234, which was lower than that between the Southern summer soybeans (0.191~0.307, average 0.268), but those were relatively higher than the similarity coefficients (0.103~0.209) between two types of summer sowing soybeans. It is concludes that genetic distance and differences degree of the interior of the Huanghaui is larger than that of the Southern summer soybean, and the genetic variance of the former is richer. But the two ecotype summer sowing soybean all behave that the similarity coefficients of inside colony is larger than between the two ecotype colonies.5. The genetic differentiation coefficient of two types summer soybean at 60 loci is between 0.264% and 8.72%. Despite there were obvious differentiation between two types of...
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