The Study On The Change Of Some Physiological And Biochemical Substances During Embryo Abortion And Transplant Of Seedless Grapes And Their Hybrids

Different seedless grapes and their hybrids had different embryo abortive period. During embryo abortion,the activities of SOD, POD, CAT decreased,the level of MDA the soluble protein and soluble sugar increased and the change of soluble starch was small.So during embryo rescue process,we should select the optimum time to culture ovules according to different cross combinations,that is the embryo development level was best,the activities of SOD, POD, CAT is highest and the level of MDA is lowest.All these results were obtained through culturing ovules in vitro of seedless grapes (self-pollinated Sultanina,Sultanina×Olmo),seededgrapes (Beichun, Taishan-1, Taishan-12) and pollinations between seedless grapes and Chinese wild grapes (Flame Seedless×Heilongjiang Seedling) and destmining the physiological and biochemical index. The open degress and the index of leaf stomates,the content of chlorophyll and the activities of protective enzyme (SOD) were determined.After tissue culture plants obtained from embryo rescue being domesticated through different time.The results showed: the prolonging domesticatng time by closed-unclosed bottle,the open degress of stomate dropped,the index of stomate close,the contents of chlorophyll and the activities of protective enzymes (SOD) incressed. These indicated that it is necessary to domesticate plants step by step.And by this kind of domestication,the plants growed stronghy,the protective tissue developed well,self-adjusting function of stomate recovered and the absorption capacity of roots increased. So the adaptability of the embryo rescue plants to envierment is improved,thus it is benefit for transplanting survival rate.In this study,the optimam transplanting technology of seedless grapes and their hybrids was obtained: First,good quality tissue culture plants with roots were necessary. Second,the transplanting matrix and the roots of plants must be steriled. Third,the optimam matrix is vermiculite or pearlit (upper 25layer) and 3 nutrient soil (under layer) the nourishing soil can 5provide the nourishment for root growing. While the vermiculite or pearlite can improve capacity.Thus it can protect the root and crown from rot . Forth,the plants were domesticated in closed bottles under the nture light in greenhouse for 7d at first,then domesticated in unclosed bottles for 3～7d. Fifth,the plants were cultured the culture house, the moisture was kept and sunlight was shaded moderately at the beginning stage of transplanting. At last, the disease and insects were controled, the water and fertilication managements were improved after transplating. When the grape seedlings growed for a period of time under nature conditions then planted in the vineyard...