| Seedless grapes have no seed or with only basic small residual soft-core, thin peel and good flavor. They occupy an unique advantage in fresh, raisins manufacturing or canning respects and have well economic benefits. With increasing demand for seedless market year by year and the production of varieties supply insufficiently, breeding seedless grapes has became an important direction of grape breeding research. However, because of zygote embryo abortive halfway, getting no seed made breeding more difficult, only to have nuclear species as a female hybrid, with long time and low seedless breeding ratio. Embryo rescue technology as an important means of seedless grape breeding, narrow limitation, high efficiency and short cycle, has got more and more attention and application. The research on embryo rescue procedures and affecting factors are also increasingly deeper.In this study, several seedless varieties is used as experimental materials, through the study of the observation on morphological characteristics and embryo rescue conditions, we screen the best sampling time and female genotype, discover the best culture conditions, in-depth analysis subculture and transplanting and establish simple but efficient embryo rescue progress in the southern region. The main contents and results are as follows:1. Chosing Flame Seedless, Otilia Seedless Seedless, Ruby Seedless and other seedless varieties, identify the sampling time and female genotype by morphological observation, phenology, combined with embryo culture test. The results suggest:most V. vinifera L. seedless grapes for 30-40d after flowering, but Ruby Seedless hybrids are within 40-50d after pollination; The suitabe female material:Flame Seedless, Bixiang Seedless and Otilia Seedless, and Flame seedless× Hanxiangmi with the highest percentage of seedlings,60%.2. Flame Seedless as the main material, investigated phenology, growth and fruiting characteristics, studied on morphological characteristics and observed ovule abortion, we identified the time beginning abortion is 31d after flowering.3. Factors of ovule development were studied. Flame Seedless × Hanxiangmi hybrid young fruit as materials for the ovule development is researched influencing factors such as medium, sampling time, culture environment and so on. The results showed that the best sampling time is 35d after pollination, then developed on the optimal culture conditions:B5 liquid medium+60g/L sucrose+1.0mg/L GA3+0.2mg/L 6-BA+2.0mg/L IBA+1.Og/L AC, light and dark culture environment.In addition, the former flower topping, girdling and 250mg/L uniconzole treatment can significantly improve embryo development and seedlings, optimize the effect of embryo rescue, also with 10d low temperature treatment before inoculation.4. Determine the best condition for subculture. Study the influencing factors in subculture, the results indicated that the appropriate subculture medium of embryo rescue seedlings is the 1/2WPM+0.2mg/L IBA+30g/L sucrose+6.0g/L Agar+2.5g/L AC, double bud inoculation.5. Establish the procedure transplanting method. Using ’culture bottles sealed 2d-* opening 2dâ†'nutritional bowl and matrix 7dâ†'natural facilities 7d’, with HAWITA peat, then back into the field when two new leaves grow, using 1/2MS macronutrients and carbendazim watering, the survival rate can up to 90%. |
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