Breeding For New Seedless Grape Germplasm By Embryo Rescue Technique

Stenospermocarpy grape cultivars were used as female parents,and the superior F1of the V.vinifera×V.amurensis and the V.vinifera cultivars were used as the male parents which were crossed in the fields.9 combinations were designed to breed new hybrid seedlings using embryo rescue technology.In addition,the factors which affected the efficieny of the embryo technology were investigated.The purpose of this study is to created new germplasm of seedless with cold-resistant grapes and to investigate several effects of the embryo rescue technique on grapes.The main results are as follows:1.The hybridized combinations are composed‘Qinxiu'בJupiter',‘Flame Seedless'בJupiter',‘FlameSeedless'ב00-1-5',‘RubySeedless'ב00-1-5',‘Jupiter'בSu-67',‘Crimson Seedless'ב00-1-10',‘Qinhong No.2'ב00-1-5',‘Qinhong No.10'ב00-1-5'and‘Perlette'ב00-1-5'.25000 grape buds were crossed and 4075hybrids were retrieved.6619 ovules and 874 hybrid embryos and 461seedlings were obtained.2.The‘Qinxiu'בJupiter'combinations fruits were collected at 36?38?40?42and 44d after anthesis respectively.MM3+1.5 mg/L IAA+0.5 mg/L GA₃+1 mmol/L serine+500 mg/L CH solid-liquid medium was used to cultivate ovules,The results showed that the rate of embryo development and germination were the highest at 42days after anthesis.3.The 4 female parents‘Flame Seedless'ב00-1-5'?‘Qinhong No.10'ב00-1-5'?‘Ruby Seedless'ב00-1-5'and‘Qinhong No.2'ב00-1-5'were sprayed with 0,10,30and 50 mg/L 6-BA solution on the 14th day before flowering and MM3+1.5 mg/L IAA+0.5 mg/L GA₃+1 mmol/L serine+500 mg/L CH solid-liquid medium as embryo development medium.After 56 days the striped embryos on the WPM+0.2mg/L IBA solid medium.The results showed that the combination of‘Flame Seedless'embryo development rate was the highest when the spraying concentration of 6-BA was30mg/L,and the rate of three other combinations embryo development was the highest when the spraying concentration were 50mg/L.4.The hybrid parents had a great influence on the embryo rescue efficiency.The high rate of embryo development and seedling formation was observed when the'Qinhong No.2','Perlette','Ruby seedless'and'Qinhong No.10'were used as the female parents;followed by'Jupiter'and'Flame Seedless';while'Crimson Seedless'and'Qinxiu'should not be selected as the female parents.'Jupiter'is more suitable as a male parent for embryo rescue breeding than'00-1-5'when the mother is the same as'Flame Seedless'.5.Ovules of‘Ruby Seedless'ב00-1-5'into MM3 added 0.5 mg/L GA₃+1.5 mg/L IAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA.WPM and 0.2 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IAA is better for embryo germination.6.Early seedless molecular marker was identified in‘Ruby Seedless'ב00-1-5'and‘Qinxiu'בJupiter'combinations.There were 40 and 18 seedlings found in 2combinations,respectively.Among them,the seedless rate were 26.41%and 25%,respectively.