| Principal component analysis in DPS was used to study and compare the morphological characteristics of five common termites in Hunan. In the first principal component, there are mainly head lengths distance between compound eyes, pronotum length, proala length, posterior wing length. Meanwhile, there are significant correlativities among head length, distance between compound eyes and pronotum length, the correlation coefficients are 0.9115 and 0.9738 respectively, while there is also a significant correlatively between proala length and distance between compound eyes, the correlation coefficient is 0.9136. At the same time, compare with the difference on the head and chest shape of five kinds of termites, find the biggest difference of head is an upper jaw, especially the upper jaw of the soldier ant; but the biggest difference of the chest is the foot, and the length of the fore, middle, hind foot of Macrotermes barneyi Light is the longest among the five kinds of termites.The biological characteristic, ecology studying and danger characteristic of Macrotermes barneyi Light have been studied, so as to offer scientific basis for control. Macrotermes barneyi Light is one of the disastrous insects for plant, not only eats a lot of herb and crops, also do harm to varieties of trees and commodity trees; and because it nests in the moist dams of rivers reservoir ,so it is one of the disastrous insects for dams. If the climatic conditions are suitable, does not have obvious winter for the whole year, danger of Macrotermes barneyi Light's activity can been seen although the whole year. The termite control was also probed into further in this text.
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