Foundation And Extension Of Citrus Safety Production Technique System

In many advanced countries in citrus production, some key technique of citrus safety production, as orchard ecological system build, reasonable arrange of different varieties to gain anniversary providing of fresh fruit, nursery stock of virus free and its management system, IPM technique base on biocontrol and mineral origin pesticides, rational fertilizing technique base on nutritional diagnosis, have effectively been applied in a wide range, and perfecter and reasonabler standards in citrus safety quality have been established. Otherwise, concentrative distribution and high industrialization of citrus production is of great advantage to extending of citrus safety production technique.From early of 1990', organic culture of citrus have fastly increased in world, especially Spain, Italy and United States, then is Greece, Israel, Morocco, South Africa, Argentina, on the strength of good base in citrus safety production technique and fast growth of local and peripheral organic fruits markets. Recent years, annual output of world organic citrus have reached about 1,000,000 t. the most main consume market of organic citrus is EU, next is United States. Production benefit analysis of Spain organic citrus show, all production cost of organic citrus per ha increase for 35% than general citrus, the price of organic citrus increase commonly for 20~50% than general. When the price increases more 30%, the income of organic production mode will visibly be more than general mode.Recent years, attestation system and corresponding standards system of 3 grades safety food, non-environmental pollution agricultural product, green food and organic food, have basically been established. However, safety questions are still serious in citrus production, especially too big use amount of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, very nonstandard use manner, use of high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides by chance, worsen of pollution of citrus production environment. In addition, faultiness of citrus safety quality standard system make also against elevation of citrus safety quality.Some trials and demonstrations of green food citrus and non-environmental pollution citrus production techniques have been carried outin Taizhou, Zhejiang Province from 2001, and production technique systems have been founded. Systemic and detailed "green food citrus production technique guide line", including production area selecting and environment quality controlling, water and soil management, fertilizer use guide line, regulation, control and management of breach, shoot, flower and fruit, recovery of climatic damage, intergrated pests management, pesticides use guide line, fruits harvesting, preservative treatment, storage, packing and transportation, symbol and label use regulation, and so on. Comparing "non-environmental pollution citrus production technique guide line" with "green food citrus production technique guide line" was carried; differences in orchard environment quality requirement, use guide line of pesticide and fertilizer were emphatically summarized. Zhejiang citrus production area anniversary work calendar of green food citrus and non-environmental pollution citrus production was made.Spreading abroad of safety consciousness in citrus production and consumption through multifarious channels, training of citrus safety production technique to citrus grower, establishing of demonstration area of citrus safety production technique, encouraging, helping and organizing in citrus safety production certify has been carried, preliminary effects of citrus safety production technique extend has been obtained. The number of green food citrus products certified has reached more than 70; sum area is close to 20,000 ha, sum output is more than 300,000 t in whole country to the end of 2004, and Zhejing Province have 12 products, 1200 ha, 30,0001 of which. Additionally, 26,784 ha of citrus orchard has been certified for producing area of non-environmental pollution farm products in Zhejiang Province, more than 20% of all citrus area, and 16,372 ha of which has been certified for non-environmental pollution farm products having national uniform symbol, its output is about 390,000 t.However, extension of citrus safety production technique is being restricted by multiplicity factors in China, main factors of which are very small production scale of citrus grower, low level industrialization, low technique foundation of safety production and accomplishment of citrus grower, high fee of safety food certification, nonstandard sampling in detecting, distempered safety food supervision system and farm products market access system,...