| The genetic diversity of five goat breeds including Angora goat, Shandonglaiwu Black goat, Hanshan White goat, Taihang goat and Wuzhumuqin goat was surveyed using twenty-five microsatellite loci for the purpose of obtaining basic information to assist protection and utilization of the indigenous goat genetic resources in China.The results were as following:1. The 25 microsatellite loci were selected from published microsatellite loci in this experiment. The genetic diversity of five goat breeds was surveyed. 199 alleles were detected at all the loci and the average number per locus was 7.96, which showed richpolymorphisms at these 25 loci in these five goat breeds.2. The Hardy-Weiberg equilibrium analysis revealed that almost the 5 breeds showed remarkable genetic disequilibrium at all the loci. The reason could be selection, genetic drift etc existed in the five goat breeds.3. The mean heterozygosity varied from 0.4361 to 0.8204across all loci, and from 0.5915 to 0.7380 across all breeds. The PIC value (0.4926) was less than 0.5 in BM315, while the other loci were highly diverse.4. The value of gene flow between Angora goat and other breeds was low. There was frequent gene flow between Hanshan White goat and Wuzhumuqin goat with the value of 15.7534, an indication of frequent exchange of breeding animals between the two breeds.5. The neutrality test showed that 11 loci (BM3413, BM203, BMS1943, BMS1290, BMS875, BM1225, BM315, FCB193, BM6404, BMS812, BMC3224 ) belonged to neutral loci.6. The result of the cofficient of gene differentiation showed that was no remarkable differentiation among all the breeds.7. The F-statistic analysis indicated that the FST of different locus varied from 0.0107 (in BMC 1206) to 0.0776 (in BMS1943). The Nm was from 2.9716 to 23.1145 with a mean value of 8.8840.8. The UPGMA and NJ phylogenetic trees constructed with the Dcos genetic distances between the five goat breeds supported a closer relationship between Hanshan White goat and Wuzhumuqin goat.
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