The Obtaining Of Interspecific Hybridization And The Establishment Of Embryo Rescue Technique In Prunus Persica

Many stone fruits, such as peach, plum, apricot, cherry et al., origined from China. There are many excellent resources in China. It is important for protection and utilization of stone fruit germplasm resources to creat new germplasms and increase genetic diversity adopting distant hybridization technology. Concerning stone fruits, cultivars of peach (Prunus persica L.) are all self-compatible, while that of apricot (P. armeniaca Lam.) and plum (P. salicina Lindl.) are self-incompatible. Herein, peach was used as the female parent, and it was crossed with plum and apricot whose pollen was treated with electrostatic field, 60Coγ-ray, etc., in an effort to study the hereditary rules of self-compatible genes, and to breed the new self-compatible germplasms of plum and apricot. Embryo rescue technique was used and the hybrid nature of the plants regenerated was identified by SSR method. This experiment has been done in fruit biology laboratory of Shandong Agriculture University, Zhongao company, fruit breeding base of Shandong Agriculture University in Hengling form 2003 to 2005. The results showed that:1. The pollen treatments played important effect on the cross-compatibility of distant hybridization, the appropriate electrostatic field treatment(434.78 Kv/m)and the right treating time(8min) can improve the cross-compatibility markedly, while theγCo60 treatment could not promote the cross-compatibility of distant hybridization or had little effect on it. The electrostatic field treatment on pollen could not only improve the pollen germination in vitro and the cross-compatibility, but also had important effect on the embryo-grow, especially on the efficiency of inducement and multiplication of embryo-cultured shoots.2. Fruit setting level and developmental status of hybrid embryos were examined, by which we can determine the embryo abortion time. In the'Zhonghuashoutao'crosses, the degeneration of the hybrid embryo started from the 8th week after pollination, while in the'Yuhualu'crosses, the degeneration started from the 6th week after pollination.3. The duration of fruit development period and the embryo age were of great importance for embryo germination of peach hybrids, and the abortion of hybrid...