Distant Hybridization And Embryo Rescue Between Prunus Avium L. 'Hongdeng' And Prunus Japonica (Thunb.) Lois

Subgen. microcerasus (Koehne) Yu et Li in Cerasus millo include Prunus tomentosa, Prunus humilis, Prunus glandulosa, Prunus japonica(Thunb.)Lois. etc., origined from China. There are many wild germplasm resources in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and other places. Prunus humilis, Prunus glandulosa, Prunus japonica(Thunb.)Lois. has dwarf tree body,they were resistant to cold ,drought and barren.and nutrient composition of the fruits were rich in Ca,Fe etc.not only breeding fine varieties can be directly use the type of cultivation, and is dwarfing cherry rootstocks resistant germplasm breeding material.Hybridizations between species and genera are one of effective approaches to create new germplasms. Aiming at the cross-incompatibility and hybrid sterility, interspecific distant hybridization was carried out with selecting Prunus avium L'Hongdeng'as female parent, and Prunus japonica (Thunb.)Lois. as male parent. Effects of negative and high-voltage electrostatic field to parents on the setting percentage and the cross compatibility were studied. Embryo rescue system of hybrids were established and identification of them was also made. The results showed that:1.To the cross combination between Prunus avium L. and Prunus japonica(Thunb.)Lois., with electrostatic treatment, the rate of germination of hybrid embryos was significant difference between different combination. As for the hybridization of'Hongdeng'and d8, under treatment of d-3(434 kV/m) and d-4(474.74kV/m), fruit setting rate were 2.75% , 3.07% , respectively. They were 1.96 times , 2.19 times, respectively, compared with the control 1.40%, showing a significant difference. However, fruit setting rates of hybridizations of'Hongdeng'and d6,'Hongdeng'and x11, were improving with the increasing electric intensity.2.It is concluded that,1/2MS+6-BA 2mg/L+IAA1mg/L+VC10mg/L was the optimal medium for germination and growth, the rate of germination of hybrid embryos reached 92.6% and the embryo bud grew strong with little callus;3.It is concluded that,MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+IAA 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L+VC5 mg/L is the best medium for bud induction and multiplication, When the ratio of 6-BA to (NAA+ IAA) was 2, the multiplication coefficient was very highest, reaching 6.77; 4.It is concluded that, 1/2 MS+ IBA 0.2 mg/L+ NAA 0.3mg/L + VC5mg/L is the best rooting medium, 1/2MS was the best basic rooting medium in this experiment. Tissue culture seedling grew strong, with rooting number reaching 7.2 under this treatment;5.Transplanting the plantlets in the culture bowl by washing away the culture medium, and placed the bowl into the shed of seedling adaptationc.Air humidity and soil humidity were controlled well, and ventilation and light were increased in later stage, the survival rate was the highest,up to 24.00%.6.Differences between progeny and parents were observed by means of morphological characteristics analysis and Sallele-specific PCR. This showed that the hybrids obtained by the embryo rescuing system hybrid Z1 obtained from'Hongdeng'×d8was true hybrids.