| SubjectTake the ZhangZhongJing’s magnum opus "Treatise on Febrile Disease(Shang Han Lun)" and "The Synopsis of Golden Chamber(Jin Gui Yao Lue)" as research contents, and all the herbs and formulas that contained Pinellia ternata in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases as object.Following listed:Dabanxia decoction, xiaobanxia decoction, xiaobanxia and fuling decocation, maimendong decoction, xiaoqinglong decoction, sanxiexindecoction, xuanfudaizhe decoction,xiaochaihu decoction, zhuyeshigao decoction, houpiaomahuang decoction, fuzijingmi decoction, tengqi decoction, shegnjiangbanxia decoction, chaihuguizhi decoction, chaihulonggumuli decoction, kujiu decoction, gansuibanxia decoction, sheganmahuang decoction.Objective1. Built data base on the formula by organizing the ZhangZhongJing’s academic idea of using pinellia ternata, summarize the formula characteristics by researching "Treatise on Febrile Disease", "The Synopsis of Golden Chamber" and related articles, guide the clinical application by research ZhangZhongJing’s clinical experience and exploring the formula thoughts.2. Summarize the formula characteristics in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases by data statistics.3. Promote the standardization of this formula by analysis the statistics results.MethodsAnalysis the 60 herbs in the pinellia ternata-contained formulas recorded in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases.Use excel and other basic statistics methods to calculate the frequency of the herbs. For those frequency≥4, calculate the maximum dose, minimum dose, and average dose, and the dose distribution interval to understand the dose range in Song Dynasty. Compare the analysis result with ZhongJin’s dose, pharmacopeia (2010 edition) dose, and analysis the relevant of Korean, Japanese Chinese formula and Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases.Research Results1. Pinellia ternata dose in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases:256g in one formula,128g in four formulas,64g in 26 formulas,32g in two formulas,55.2g in two formulas, 41.4g in one formula,27.6g in one formula,12.3g in one formula,10.6g in one formula,7.04g in one formula,13g in one formula,3.45g in one formula. The calculation result shows that the regular dose of pinellia ternata is 64g for ZhongJing’s formulas.2. The 45 formulas contain pinellia ternata recorded in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases shows that there are 6.63 herbs in average in each formula, and there are 6-10 common used herbs.3. Total dose statistics:0-200g in seven formulas,200-400g in twenty-four formulas, 400～600g in nine formulas,600-800g in three formulas. Medicine taking frequency statistics: once in one formula, twice in four formulas, three times in twenty-six formulas, four times in four formulas, five times in three formulas. Total taking dose statistics:0-200ml in one formula,200-400ml in eight formulas,400-600ml in four formulas,600-800ml in twenty-two formulas, above 800ml in four formulas.4. Relevant herb statistics in pinellia ternata contained formulas:list the 64 herb in the 45 related formulas recorded in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases,19 of which show frequency≥4.5. Function category of the herbs in 45 related formulas recorded in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases:reinforcing deficiency (17.46%), relieving exterior (14.29%), eliminating phlegm and relieving cough-asthma (12.7%), clearing heat (11.11%)are the common used herbs in ZhangZhongJing’s formulas.Analysis and Discussion1. The administration frequency and dosage are highly related. The administration method should be decided considering the pathogenic condition and progress, the abundance and deficiency of yin-yang and zang-fu organs (viscera). Also the clinical effect can be improved by adjust the administration method, which shows the syndrome differentiation and holistic concept of ZhongJing.2. The affect of pinellia ternata dosage:ZhangZhongJing’s.formulas are characterized by essentials, concentration, and preciseness. The minimum of pinellia ternata is in biejia decoction to resolve the nodule and expectorant. In the formula, the pinellia ternata can also adjust ying to relief pain and protect yin deficiency. In the vomit treatment, half and two he is used for mild, half he is used for frequency, and one sheng is used to for frequency, two sheng is for severe.3. The usage of pinellia ternata in different formulas:with ginger and dry ginger for regulating stomach ascending qi to alleviate vomiting. With ginseng and astragalus membranaceus for invigorating splenogastric qi and ascending qi to alleviate vomiting, with radix scutellariae and rhizoma coptidis to acrid diffusing and bitter descending to alleviate vomiting, with cassia twig to eliminating phlegm, with ephedra sinica and asarum sieboldii to dissipate phlegm and relieve astma, whith poria cocos to expelling dampness, with radix bupleuri for harmonizing shaoyang to alleviate vomiting.4. Heavy prescription pinellia ternata to treat insomnia:pinellia ternata can calm the nervous centralis. Use pinellia temata as chief or associate can both effect on different syndrome of insomnia, especially for chronic syndrome.5. The toxicity of pinellia ternata:the raw pinellia ternata stimulate throat, intestines, stomach and mucosa, which can cause nausea and vomit. To avoid the pinellia ternata intoxication, the administration should be controlled under safe dosage. Prolonged or over administration is not advised, especially for stomach-intestine weak patient.6. Use frequency comparison among China, Korea and Japan:among 15 common used herb in Treatise on Febrike and Miscellaneous Diseases from Korea and Japan,7 are same. The most frequent used herb is in function of reinforcing spleen. The Korea medicine is similar to Japanese considering administration frequency and lower than traditional Chinese medicine.
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