Investigation On The Resources Of Wild Soybean (Glycine Soja) And Research On Its Biological Characters And Genetic Diversity

China is the origin and main distribution country of wild soybean (Glycine soja) and has the richest wild soybean germplasm resources. Wild soybean distribute in all provinces in China, except Xinjiang, Qinghai and Hainan,. Unfortunately, in recent years, the original habitats of wild soybean have been seriously destroyed in the last decade as a result of cultivation, grazing, infrastructure construction and the development of tourism, as well as the environmental impact of unfavorable factors. Thus, some wild populations have been lost and the distribution areas have been dramatically decreased. So the survival of wild soybean is under serious threat and the imminent protection is urgently needed.The ecological environment, distribution and exist situation of wild soybean were investigated on-the-spot in the Yellow River drainage area and south China region. After planted seeds from 20 wild populations in Wuhan, the morphological contents were analyzed. Furthermore, the diversity and structure distribution of gene of samples were investigated using SSR markers.The research results of morphology and SSR markers were show as follows.1. Although most of wild soybean populations adapt a lot of habitations, few wild soybean populations can not adapt one given environment.2. There were many differences among the statistical characters because of the ecological environments. The genetic diversity of germination time, maturity time, leaf figure, leaf length and width, ramus number were higher. That of flower color, hair color and hundred-grain weight were nearly indifference. There was a relevancy between germination time, flowering time, fruit ripening time, leaf figure and latitude.3. Comparing the populations in south China to that of in north China, the genetic diversity of the populations in south China was higher than that of in north China in despite of the samples of south China less. The total genetic diversity and average allele were 0.782 and 9.7 of south China, that of were 0.705 and 7.5 of north China, respectively. The results of analysis were that there more adaptability were reserved because there are more multiplex landform and climate conditions in south China, which caused the higher genetic diversity during the evolutionary process of wild soybean.Finally, based on the morphology and genetic diversity, two advices were brought forward in this paper. One was that increasing the education in whole country and calling farmers to protect wild soybean, and the other was that building the ecology environment safeguards of wild soybean, which can not only improve selection and utilization of wild soybean resources, but also offer evidences to the research of transgene of wild soybean.