The Research On Fruit Moth Population Monitoring And Control And On The Emergenced Condition Of Carposina Niponensis (Walsingham) Overwinter Larvae Come Out From The Soil

Fruit moths are bore fruit pest. The rate of wormed nut is up to 30%, and even it is up to 80% or more in the low level control orchards.Now, Fruit moth is the important limiting factor in fruit industries. In this paper, population composition and dynamic were studied by using sex attractant.The influences of different temperature and humidity on overwinter larvae of Carposina nipponensis have been studied in another laboratory experiment. 1. Field experimentation(1) Both Carposina niponensis (Walsingham) and Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Guenee) have 2 generations annually. Peach fruit moth emerged from early June to late September, and when the average annual trapping tempts were up to15 per trapping, 49 per trapping in 2009 and 28 per trapping, 108 per trapping in 2010, there were two peaks which appeared in the middle of July and August. The average annual cumulative tempts was 932 per trapping. Its changeable model belonged to sigmoid type.Moveover; Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Guenee) emerged during the late May until the end of September. As the average annual trapping tempts the average annual trapping tempts, it achieved two peaks in early June and August.But the average annual cumulative tempts was only 91 per trapping.Grapholitha molesta (busck) which had four generations yearly, appeared between the late may and the end of September, and its peaks occurred in June, July, August and in the early of September. Its average annual trapping tempts were up to 24 per trapping, 5 per trapping,3 per trapping ,4 per trapping in 2009 and 4 per trapping, 8 per trapping ,5 per trapping ,5 per trapping in 2010. And the average annual cumulative tempts was 261 per trapping.Grapholitha molesta (busck) has the strongest taxis to black light. In the peaks, 35 Grapholitha molesta (busck) were trapped by one light in a day. With 5 trapped by one light in a day, Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Guenee) was followed.桃小had lower fervour of black light by one or two only trapped in only few days.The results show that the happening quantity and annual generation were different among the three months. The happen quantity of the Carposina niponensis (Walsingham) was largest, Grapholitha molesta (busck) was the second, and Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Guenee) is the smallest. Both Carposina niponensis (Walsingham) and Dichocrocispunctiferalis (Guenee) had two generations, and Grapholitha molesta (busck) Grapholithamolesta(busck)had four generations. Moveover, both sex pheromone and the black lightcan be used to monitor the population dynamics of Grapholitha molesta (busck) , butmonitoring the other two species of monitoring, th sex pheromone was more appropriate.(2)The damage caused by Oriental fruit moth was the most serious in Shenzhou peachorchard. During early May to October, it had five generations. There were five peakswhich appeared respectively in late May, early July, and late July, mid-August and earlySeptember. Cumulative average amount of attracting Oriental fruit moth from peach,'Jiubao''Beijing 14'and Fuji apple respectively were 8586 per trapping, 10600 pertrapping, 4804 per trapping and 7629 per trapping. There were 24 Peach fruit moth and 9Yellow fruit moth in the past two years. The black light lamp investigation showed thatdifferent organisms had varied reactions on phototropism. Oriental fruit moth'sphototropism is strongest, followed by Yellow fruit moth, and Peach fruit moth's wasweakest. According to the trapping result about Peach fruit moth, prediction models on theoccurrence of Peach fruit moth adults were proposed.(3)According to the trapping result about Peach fruit moth, prediction models on theoccurrence of Peach fruit moth adults were proposedP: The cumulative amount of trapped adultD: The datea: The maximum amount of accumulated trappingD0: The days when the percentage of the maximum amount of accumulatedtrapping was up to 50%b: the constant.(4)The best prevention and control technology for overwinter larvae of Peach fruitmoth unearthed was irrigation and mulching. It was better than covering with grass. Thegreatest mortality rate,55%, was reached at 5cm, 49.58% at 3cm; The effect of coveringwith grass and mulching was that mortality rate at 5cm reached 25% and28.75% at 3cm.Tamping soil was not effective its mortality rate at 3cm reached 12.92% and 12.09% at5cm.So the irrigation and mulching is worthy to spread and application in large area.2. Laboratory experimentation(1) The proper temperature and humidity for the fruit moth overwinter larvaeemergency is 15-30℃and 6%-8% respectively. And the best temperature is 24℃, itsemergence rete is zero when they are put in 35℃soil. The emergence curve is inverse U. (2) When the peach fruit moth overwinter larvae is diapause, their day degrees need 700DD at least for emergence from soil. And the best emergence rate is 80%, when the day degrees get 900-1000DD.(3) When they are put in proper soil, they will have two apices about the peach fruit moth overwinter larvae emergence. And the first is very high and steep, and the second is very low and wide.By the result, we found that the temperature is the necessary condition for diapause of the fruit moth overwinter larvae, and if they want come from the soil also need stated day degree. And their double apices decide by their self heredity is also a factor.This paper'innovation show that the major moth in Changzhou Chinese date(jin si xiaozao) orchard is Carposina niponensis (Walsingham) and in Zhengzhou peach orchard is Grapholitha molesta busck. Their generations, happening date, etc, population monitoring are different. Found the irrigation and mulching to control the peach fruit moth overwinter larvae emergence from the soil is the best. And create a model about the peach fruit moth adult elementarily. Found the most proper temperature and humidity is 24℃and 6%-8%, the least day degree of the peach fruit moth overwinter larvae emergence is 700DD. The result contributed to supervising and controlling the fruit moth by highly effect, virescencely, provide the ensuring of the fruit industrial produce by safely, virescencely and highly effect for theory according and science reference; Reducing the times of using pesticide, protecting nature enemy, offset the defect of the breakaway between theory and practice; there is very important significance and application foreground.