| In this paper, quantitative characters such as florescence,color and aromatic components were analyzed in Paeonia suffruticosa.Adr. Nine quantitative traits such as early blooming stage, full blooming stage, fade stage and florescence of single flower; relative water content of petals; the number of common petals, petaloid and all the petals; the length of the single flower of were investigated by randomized block design in 13 Paeonia suffruticosa cultivars during their blooming. All the numbers obtained were analyzed by Quantitative Genetics Principle. Colors of petals were quantified by color difference, avoid man-made factors on design and color expression inaccuracy of peony design and color, reached the accuracy of describing and reliability; phenotypic value and total anthocyanidin were analyzed based on correlation method; main aromatic components of and dynamic changes in Paeonia suffruticosa.Adr were analyzed by GC/MS.The results indicated that petals and florescence all had various variation; the GCV was between 0.1278 and 0.2398, and the florescence of single flower which was the biggest, full blooming stage which was the lowest in GCV. The repeatability of florescence characters was between 0.3218 and 0.5047, which suggested that these nine traits were in moderate to higher genetic controlled and the florescence had significant genetic correlation with relative water contents of petals. The blooming stage had significant environmental correlation with the fade stage and florescence of single flower. All the florescence characters did not have significant correlation with number of petals and the length of single flower.The results of cluster analysis of 60 cultivars can be separated into four groups: the red group, the pink group, the white group and the purple group. The a* value between 17.99 and 25.27, b*value between 11.8 and 25.25 attributed to the red group; a* value between 51.38 and 54.94 and b*value between 37.99 and 46.85 attributed to the purple group; a*value between 38.02 and 46.68, b* value between 30.63 and 40.05 attributed to the pink group; a*value between 10.10 and 18.36, b*value between 40.36 and 53.84 attributed to the white group. L* had significant correlation with a*,and had no significant correlation with b*; a* had significant correlation with c* in different groups. L* had no significant correlation with TA in the four groups, and this indicated that with increasing of TA the light of petal was decline and the red and green properties were increasing. The contents of TA was the red group >the purple group>the pink group>the white group.17 volatile substances were detected in the purple group, and 16 in the red group, 15 in the pink group and 19 in the white group. The same volatile substances in the four groups were the ethyl alcohol,3-Hexen-1-ol,α-Pinene,β-Pinene, and 3-Carene.And each group had a higher contents of volatile substance, ethyl alcohol in the pink and the white were andα-Pinene in the red and purple group. Base on the analysis of variance, the differences of the contents ofα-Pinene ,2,6-Octadien-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl had significant correlation between groups and in groups;β-Pinene had significant correlation between groups in relative content; 3-Hexen-1-ol,Phenylethyl alcohol had no significant between and in groups.There was difference between primary flowing stage, bloom stage and post floral stage in volatile substances; there were more volatile substances in primary flowing stage than in bloom and post floral stage. 6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl and 2,6-Octadien-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl were founded in primary flowing stage and bloom stage ,while they were not founded in post floral stage; There were little germacrene andβ-Pinene in primary flowing stage, but they were not founded in bloom stage and post floral stage; there was little benzene,1,4-dimethoxy in bloom stage, but was not founded in the flowing stages with blooming of petals. The same volatile substances in the three stages were ethyl alcohol, 3-Hexen-1-ol andα-Pinene, but they had differences in the contents and trend. There was one or two volatile substances in higher content in the three stages. Ethyl alcohol andα-Pinene were the main aromar in primary flowing stage, and ethyl alcohol, 3-Carene andα-Pinene in bloom stages, alcohol and 3-Hexen-1-ol in post floral stage.
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