| This paper has chosen Shandong province of the typical northern territory rocky mountain areas as the study region.It found out the major problems in soil and water conservation works by summary and analysis for nearly 20 years, and defined the changes of water and soil erosion from two censuses also.Depend on the problems in soil and water conservation works and the status of water and soil erosion, this paper obtained the sensibility distribution for soil erosion of Shandong province by single-factor and multiplefactor analysis used seven factors of the Rainfall(Rainfall Erosivity),Wind Speed,Soil,Landform Slop, Vegetation, Society Economy and Population Density ect. Finally, it researched the measures configuration combined with practical work, benefit analysis and safeguard measures are given. And the main results are as follows:1. The present status changes of soil erosion are grasped.The type of soil erosion is water erosion mainly in Shandong province, In 1999, the area of soil erosion is 35987km~2, accounting for 22.9% of total area. The areas of different soil erosion intensity are: mild erosion is 7881km~2, accounting for 22%; moderate erosion is 15961km~2, accounting for 44%; serious erosion is 9749m~2, accounting for 27%; extremely erosion is 2135km~2, accounting for 6%; violent erosion is 261km~2, accounting for 1%. In the comparison of 1986, the soil erosion area reduces 27549km~2 which water erosion reduces 19541km~2 and wind erosion reduces 8075km~2 significantly during 13 years in shandong province. It shows that, the comprehensive management of soil and water conservation which is based on the unit of watershed from 1980s has alleviated effectively the happening of development of soil erosion, and has improved the ecological environment obviously.2.The disasters of soil erosion are explored.Soil erosion lead to the decrease of the land productivity and the area of arable land; intensifies the situation of water shortage caused by poor soil water storage ability; reduces the service life of hydraulic caused by river course silting; intensifies flood disaster and threatens the safety of mining, traffic facilities and people's life and property;and deteriorates ecological environment and restricts sustainable development of social and economy.3. The sensibility distribution for soil erosion of Shandong province is revealed.The sensibility for soil erosion is divided into: weak sensibility, mild sensibility, moderate sensibility, serious sensibility, extremely sensibility five levels. The areas of different sensibility level are: weak sensibility is 0.05km~2 omly, mild erosion is 42034.52km~2, accounting for 27.29%; moderate erosion is 60576.64km~2, accounting for 39.32%;serious erosion is 48920.86km~2, accounting for 31.76%;extremely sensibility is 2517.18km~2,accounting for 1.63%.And the areas of different sensibility level in the Middle and Southern Shandong are: weak sensibility is none, mild erosion is 5186.85km~2,moderate erosion is 28883.74km~2,serious erosion is 19817.32km~2, extremely sensibility is 595.33km~2; the areas of different sensibility level in East Shandong are: weak sensibility is none, mild erosion is 0.75km~2,moderate erosion is 15946.42km~2,serious erosion is 23772.02km~2, extremely sensibility is 1907.79km~2; the areas of different sensibility level in Northwestern Shandong are: weak sensibility is 0.05km~2, mild erosion is 36846.92km~2,moderate erosion is 15746.48km~2,serious erosion is 5331.52km~2, extremely sensibility is 14.06km~2.4.The comprehensive control measures of each type region are done.Based on the analysis of natural condition, society economy,water and soil erosion and sensibility for siol erosion,the governance direction of each type region, principle and layout of optimal allocation are presented for key regions that are going to be controlled in the next three years.The paper provides the benefit analysis and perfect safeguard measures for it from organization, policy,management, investment and technology also. |
PDF Full Text Request