Development Of Novel Seedless Grapevine Germplasm By Embryo Rescue

In this study, Seedless grape cultivars as female parent and development of novel seedless grapevine germplasm by embryo rescue technique. 41 cross combinations were designed, which about 14 conventional breeding , 23 embryo rescue breeding and 4 triploid breeding. Cross combinations in embryo rescue breeding have Delight×Ruby Seedless,Delight×Black Monukka,Delight×Flame Seedless,Ruby Seedless×Centennial Seedless,Ruby Seedless×Olimpia,Thompson Seedless×Beichun,Thompson Seedless×Shuangyou,Thompson Seedless×Tangwei,Thompson Seedless×Xuefeng,Thompson Seedless×1-9-6,Thompson Seedless×jingxiu,Thompson Seedless×Heilongjiang Seedling,Flame Seedless×Delight,Flame Seedless×Tangwei,Flame Seedless×Xinpuyihao,Flame Seedless×Shuangyou,Flame Seedless×Fujiminori,Flame Seedless×Kyoho,Fantasy Seedless×Flame Seedless,00-3-1×Flame Seedless,Changsuiwuhebai×Flame Seedless,Black Monukka×Rizamat and Autumn Royal×Red Globe. Conventional breeding includes Victoria×Tangwei,Victoria×Red Globe,Xinpuyihao×Rizamat,Xinpuyihao×Kunxiangwuhe,Xinpuyihao×Crimson Seedless,Red Globe×He an-2,Red Globe×Black Monukka,Rizanat×Black Monukka,Rizamat×Crimson Seedless,Xinyu×Hean-3,Hongmulage×Heilongjiang Seedling,Fenhongyadumi×Flame Seedless,2140×Flame Seedless and 2140×Centennial Seedless. Cross combinations of triploid breeding have Kyoho×Flame Seedless,Kyoho×Xinyu,Red Globe×Fujiminori and Xinyu×Kyoho. In this research, factors of embryo rescue about submit different aminophenol,different ovule developed medium,low-temperature treatment grapes and different genotype and so on were studied. Main results was as following:1.Embryo vescue technique was employed and 76 seedlings were obtained from 23 cross combinations using seedless grape cultivars as female parents. There were 68 seedlings of diploid seedless grapes×diploid seedless grapes and 8 seedlings of diploid seedless grapes×seeded tetraploid. Seedlings obtained in this reseach were discrepant because of different cross combination. Percentage of embryo development of 00-3-1×Flame Seedless were the highest , 23.56%.Percentage of embryo germination of Flame Seedless×Delight were the highest, 75%, 4.43% of percentage of seedlings is the highest and cross combination is Ruby Seedless×Black Olimpia.2. Factors of embryo rescue were studied. During the stage of ovules development, ER"solid-liquid"phase state medium submit to 4mmol/Lproline was the suitable for embryo development of Fantasy Seedless×diploid seedless grapes×tetraploid seeded grapes.Flame Seedless, culture of embryo germinate and seedlings is ER+4mmol/LAsparagine; MM4 medium are the best medium for embryo development of Delight×Black Monukka,Delight×Flame Seedless and Delight×Ruby Seedless; Low temperature treatment fruit has some promoter action for embryo development. Low temperature treatment Ruby seedless×Centennial seedless have the highest percentage of embryo development at 10 days, and low-temperature treatment Ruby Seedless×Black Olimpia have the highest percentage of embryo development at 7 days; with different cross combinations, culture and low-temperature treasure times have different suitable for embryo germinate and seedlings; female parent and male parent have influence for embryo development, different ploidy of seedless grapes cross combination, diploid seedless grapes×diploid seedless grapes was suitable for embryo development than diploid seedless grapes×tetraploid seeded grapes. The order of parental compatibility, according to percentages of embryo development,embryo germination and seedlings, was diploid seedless grapes×diploid seedless grapes> diploid seedless grapes×tetraploid seeded grapes.3. Cross seeds of Conventional breeding were obtained, 14 cross combinations obtained 6247 cross seeds,. At the same time, Doing some triploid breeding of diploid seedless grapes×diploid seed grapes snd diploid seed grapes×tetraploid seeded grapes, 1488 cross seeds were obtained about diploid seed grapes×tetraploid seeded grapes.