Stuy On The New Composting Fermentation Mode Of Agaricus Bisporus

The situation of the rural sideline cultivation, farm and industrial production all exists in the international mushroom cultivation. Industrial production has become dominant in developed countries. But in China, Agaricus bisporus production are mainly family-style,small-scale workshops and seasonal production patterns and most of them are the rural sideline culture, which have backward technology of composting fermentation. The gap in large extent between rural sideline and industrial production was mainly due to the equipment and technology of composting fermentation. It is urgent to study a new model in China industry which is suitable for China's anniversary of the composting fermentation.This thesis studies and contrasts comprehensively Agaricus bisporus composting fermentation pattern at home and abroad. Refering to the principle of Agaricus bisporus composting fermentation and China's actual, design and constructe a new composting fermentation model which is suitable for factory production in China--Agaricus bisporus tunnel basket composting new mode of fermentation. The results of study are as follows.1. New design and construction of the fermentation tunnelDesign and construct a new model which can fermented 12 tons dry material in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province. The specifications of tunnel is 10 m×4m×3.3m. Fermentation tunnel is heated by the pipes and radiator,humidified by steam and vented by exhaust fan.Design and produce the fermentation basket from which the air can goes up and down. The benefits of the fermentation basket are not only to facilitate fermentation uniform, but also do not have to move. Baskets stuffed training materials are deposited one by another and the total number of layers is six.The specifications of the basket fermentation is 1 m×1m×0.4m.2. Fermentation conditions control of the new tunnel①Through the control of the material's containing water:the congealed water vapour will basically flows along the top to both sides of the tunnel walls that prevents the material which is in the top of the fermentation basket absorbing the water dropped from the top of the tunnel when the tunnel roof angle is less than 120. When wet heating time is more than 4 hours inside the tunnel every day, the material is saturation which means the containing water is much more than the amount of water needed in fermentation. With the 22-23 hours'dry and 1-2 hours'wet heating daily, the rate of material containing water is about 67% which is the best standard of containing water to Agaricus bisporus fermentation.②Through the control of the oxygen:with the pattern of the inverse pressure ventilation, pressure is temporary low and most disused gas is vented out of the tunnel; the concentration of oxygen is high and well-proportioned;the central training materials of Fermentation basket has the most gray humic mildew; operation is safe.③Through the control of the temperature:The best fermentation temperature of Agaricus bisporus is ranged from 48 to 50℃.By measuring the temperature in the every part of the tunnel,we can conclude that heat supplying is even by the design.The greatest temperature difference in the all baskets is 2.6℃.The maximal temperature of the tunnel is in the top.The minimum temperature of the tunnel is between the second layer with the third one.3. Evaluation of new modelBy contrasting the new design model and the conventional model,the results are as follows. The model of the new fermentation process only needs 14-17days and conventional fermentation model needs about 27 days, which shortened by nearly 45%. Compared with the conventional model, the fermentation time of new model is shorter and the amount of nutrient loss is less, so the material conversion rate of new model is 72.6%, but the conventional fermentation is only 65.6%. By the new model fermentation, the training material was covered with mycelia which needs only 15 days, but the conventional model needs more than 18 days which is more than 3 days compared with the new model, mycelial growth is more dense and white. Planting by New fermentation mode is less or no pests and diseases than by conventional fermentation. Just a few mushroom mosquito appear in the late fruiting. It doesn't use pesticide if well-prevented. The average amount of root-cutting mushroom is 14.3 kg/m2 with the new model whose amount is more than 1.5 times than the conventional amount. Their biological conversion rate of training materials is up to 71.5%, which is more than 1.5 times than the conversion rate of conventional fermentation. The advantages of the new tunnel basket composting fermentation model:①Temperature and wet can be controled well, so the temperature and the material's containing water inside the tunnel are even.②Training material needn't be moved in the tunnel.③Shorten the fermentation time.④The fermented material is good,disinfected completely and high-yield.