Design For Reclamation Of Rural Settlements In Hilly Area Of Southwest

Agricultural land resources play an important basic role in agriculture of our country and the whole social economic development. As China's acceleration of urbanization, the demand of construction land increases quickly and the contradiction between human and land on behalf of the shortage of cultivated land resources becomes increasingly prominent. Meanwhile, per capita lands of China's rural residential areas are too big, and present extensive use status. In this case, the reclamation of unused rural residential areas is not only the effective way to increase cultivated land, but also the important means to promote the construction of new countryside, which is very significant. Especially for Hechuan district of Chongqing that is a hill city with such a large population. The total amount of cultivated land of Hechuan in 2009 is 121190.42 hectares and at the same time the amount of rural residential areas is 17227.60 hectares, and the rate of unemployment houses is 23 percent, appear even piece idle phenomenon. Many new problems are faced that how to build up a solid reclaimed land resources to promote the all-round construction of the new socialist countryside through the reclamation of rural residential areas. This research is a beneficial attempt. This article has carried on the theory discussion and case study towards the rural residential areas of southwest hilly region (take Hechuan district of Chongqing for example) from the contemporary China's land national conditions and land policy, combining with January 3,2008 of the state council approved the state council on promoting the economical and intensive utilization of land, and provides theoretical basis and practical experience for the development of rural construction through the reclamation of rural residential areas. This paper, taking typical southwest hilly area Hechuan district of Chongqing as an example, found the rural residential areas of Hechuan appears the distribution of "big dispersed rural residential areas, small inhabit", rural residential areas vary obviously with geomorphology, t rural residential areas layout scattered, per capita land near the upper limit of town planning standards and the lands idle seriously and so on through the comprehensive analysis and field survey for land use status chart, status data and the statistical yearbook of Hechuan district of Chongqing. Rural residential areas of idle land also have characteristics of scattered, small, certain slope, inconvenient transportation etc. According to the characteristics of rural residential areas and current situation in Hechuan zone, the research divided engineering layout into four parts:general engineering layout, the land unknotting work layout, irrigation and water conservancy project layout and field way engineering layout, and divided engineering design into four parts:dismantling engineering, land unknotting work, irrigation and water conservancy engineering and field way engineering, which will achieve the goal of scientific reclamation idle rural residential areas through reasonable project layout and engineering design.The characteristics of Hechuan district make it different from both other land reclamation of this district and the reclamation of rural residential areas in northern regions. According to the characteristics of Hechuan district, two kinds are divided:one kind is relatively flat homestead and scouring, and the other is the land with certain slope. After homestead and embanked courtyard dismantled, the out-soil project is the core of the reclamation project and the key of reclamation's success or failure. According to the current soil layer design standards for soil in the supply and demand balance analysis, quantity of priority design reclamation point area internal balance, replace with out-soil inadequate internal soil to replace with out-soil marching external source, external soil quality shall not be lower than the study area when the soil quality, soil quantity sufficient and securing user agree.As rural residential areas of Hechuan district has certain gradient, land leveling is primarily, alone with irrigation and water conservancy project and top-grossing engineering design layout. The land unknotting work layout and design is divided into dismantling engineering layout, sundry remove engineering layout and construction engineering field layout. Rural residential areas dismantling engineering is the premise and basis of land reclamation, which is mainly to the houses and scouring undertakes demolishing. Demolition materials are used to be production road building materials, which is the effective treatment way of demolition wastes. Field building is divided into houses and scouring field design and affiliate land building design. Irrigation and water conservancy project layout is divided into irrigation engineering layout and subsidiary engineering layout, which mainly designs the existing natural conditions, including the irrigation and drainage engineering, subsidiary engineering. Irrigation and drainage engineering mainly includes new gutters and new cut ditch engineering, and subsidiary engineering includes new production road cover board and reservoir. The field project layout mainly includes new roads and repaired road to give convenience to the production after reclamation.Hechuan district is located in the southwest hilly region and the rural residential areas are scattered, small land etc, which don't need layout large engineering facilities, but need complete engineering system. Road engineering and ditches engineering will not only meet the needs of reclamation region, but also combine with the road and canals outside and form a network.