Evaluation On Quality And Security Of Silage In Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Tianjin, Beijing

Silage was the basis for dairy feed, the quality of silage was key for dairy industry, in order to study the status of the quality of silage in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Tianjin and Beijing, a survey of silage was conducted at May 2008 to April 2010, there were 139 silage samples collected. Silage production status was investigatted, the quality and security of silage was measured, results are as follows:1. Through AHP method, 28 indicators were selected for comprehensive evaluation on silage in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Tianjin and Beijing, include: odor, texture, color, pH value, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, water soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, crude ash, calcium, Phosphorus, lead, arsenic, mercury, chromium, cadmium, Organophosphorus pesticides, nitrate, nitrite, aflatoxin B₁ and melamine.2. 85% of silage was rated as excellent fermentation quality, types of silage is the main factor on fermentation quality of silage, whole-corn silage was better than dry corn stalks silage on fermentation quality, the fermentation quality of beet silage and the fermentation quality of TMR silage were also excellent in Inner Mongolia. The evaluation method including organic acid and ammonia nitrogen was most accurate and objective in three fermentation judgement methods.3. To make cluster analysis silage through major components in nutritional quality, the study results showed that nutritional quality was affected mainly types of raw materials. One hundred thirty-nine accessions can be divided into three groups. The first group included mainly dry corn stalks silage, was 58.27% of total sample, whose nutritional quality was minimum. The second group included mainly whole corn and green corn stalks silage, whose nutritional quality was medium. The third group included only 2 TMR silage and 2 beet silage, whose nutritional quality was highest.4. Security of silage had significant correlation with region. Over standard rate of chromium in the other three places was 100%, except Inner Mongolia. The types of organophosphorus pesticides varied by region. Monocrotophos and diazinon in Inner Mongolia, malathion in Shanxi Province and Beijing, dichlorvos, methyl parathion and parathion in Tianjin. Nitrate and Nitrite were detected in the silage in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi Province, Beijing and Tianjin, In addition to two silage samples, other silage had few nitrate ,whose content was in the maximum allowable concentration, Nitrite is far less than the safety standards; The excessive rate of Aflatoxin B₁ of silage was 54.21% in Inner Mongolia, the excessive rate of Aflatoxin B₁ of silage was 42.85% in Shanxi Province and Beijing ; In all silage samples, the detection rate of melamine was 98.56%, the excessive rate of melamine was 44.60%.5. Principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation were used for comprehensive evaluation of silage Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Tianjin and Beijing, the similarity of 2 method is 66.91%, 2 Evaluation methods showed good silage of comprehensive quality were 53.24%% and 71.22%.