Research On Visual Design Approach Of Forest Landscapes In China

There is a transition from 'discover' scenic forest to 'create' scenic forest on Forest Parkand Scenic and Recreation Forestry construction in China, a special forest landscape visual design approach was constructed by integrating the Proactive Design Approach in UK and the design theory in classic gardening and painting, after that, which is applied in forest landscape of Beijing, Xishan, so the principle of approach can be as base of maturely forest landscape design approach. The main research results fulfilled in this article:1) After Proactive Design Approach in UK, Visual Management System and Scenic Management System in USA, Visual Landscape Design in Canada, Holistic Balanced Forest Landscape Strategy in Ireland and others were analyzed ,summarried PDA as main visual design approach at present and as a main source theory for other approach, and also be fit to create scenic forest landscape. Base that, the six main principles of forest landscape design, which is shape, visual force, scale, diversity, unity and sense of place, and the technique of design and operate were completely analyzed.2) Our people aesthetic need and design theory were exploded from our classic garden and painting theory, 'spatial imagery' is last goal of classic esthetic, 'based on adjusting measures to local conditions','artful following and advantage borrowing, refining on appropriate body', 'learning from the nature' were basic principle in classic gardenning. 'With a goal of a thing, constructed by human though, is like the natural one' is the standard of success of a garden.3) A approach of visual language of visual analysis and design approach was concluded with integrating the PDA and our people aesthetic need and design theory, It is shaping by visual force, advantage borrowed and following, proper body, proper species in proper landform, Combine diversity and unity, and with a goal of a thing, constructed by human though, is like the natural one. it is that when planting, first shape the forest with force and energy in the landform, which is lead up in concave and hollow, drawn down in convex and ridge ;borrowing the diversity element in the landscape and abroad landscape, then the scale of shape should gradually become bigger with higher, the contrasting visual landscape element (species,grass,open space, water body etc) could be as 'one-third' principles so that get visual balance; after that, planting proper species of trees in each shapes so that reflect the spirit of landform and sense of place, at last constructed by human though, is like the natural one, make it naturally, avoid artificial respect the spatial imagery.4) Considering the situation of forest landscape in Xishan and the principle of Scenic Forestry, the design must considering five dimensions, which is three spatial dimensions(3D) and four seasons change (1D) and spatial imagery (1D).So refer the rotation of forest stand dynamic to culture 4-season scenic forest landscape.. After analyzing and appraisal, the main visual problem was found: some geometric shape and straight line was existed; some small forest stands on the top of hill, whose scale is out the place; many shapes of forest did not have a link with each other, lead to no unify sense., a lack of open place and the element of diversity as rock was hiding with planting. So through interlock, the line of visual fore and other principle, integrated the case, the approach of how to solve visual problem was fully explained.The result of this paper could be as guideline in adjustment of forest landscape in Beijing, Xishan, and the approach principles could be as theory base for constructing Forest Park, Scenic and Recreation Forestry.