Study On Evaluation Of Germplasm Resources And Analysis Of Objective Traits Of Artemisia Annua L.

72 wild or cultivated Artemisia annua L. germplasms from Chongqing, Guangxi and Hunan provinces etc. were introduced to Germplasm resources garden of Jingxi county and Nanning city. The artemisinin content and yield of Artemisia annua L.were determined in the bud stage pregnancy, and some biological characteristic such as plant height, stem bottom diameter, crow siameter, number of primary branches and distance of internode were surveyed. At the same time, Artemisinin content at different stages, different parts of plant and different processing methods were also determined. The results showed as follows:1. Artemisia annua L. has different growth period among individuals, According to this characteristics, Artemisia annua L. was divided into early-maturing, Middle-maturing and Late-maturing. Different Artemisia annua L. had different morphology even if they were planted under the same condition. The color of stem Artemisia annua L. in the same germplasm was different, generally speaking, there were white stem, yellow and green stem, purple stem and green stem. Artemisia annua L. had a slower growth rate in nursery stage, and the stage wouldn't change until the branch emergenced, and the stage would last about 50 days. Artemisia annua L. reach the growth summit from June to July, and then the growth would decline, almost stopped at the late August.2. Artemisinin content and yield of Artemisia annua L. had significant difference in those collected germplasm resources. The results showed that among the 72 germplasm resources, 7 germplasms which origin in south of China, collected from the Guangxi Institute of Botany, jingxi County, Chongqing academy of Chinese traditional medicine, Wuxuan County, Chongzuo City, Debao County, Jishou of Hunan province, Artemisinin content was at a range of 0.90%-0.97%, Theoretical yield ranged from 151.9 kg/667m~2 to 221.2 kg/667m~2, but the Artemisinin content and yield of germplasm resources collected from PingLi County of ShanXi were relatively lower, only 0.16% and 65.7 kg/667m~2 respectively. Artemisinin content of different plant and germplasm had significant difference, with a high variance coefficient.3. Artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L was influented greatly by environment. Artemisinin content was different when the same germplasm cultivated in different place, It was much higher 10.0% cultivated in Jingxi than in Nanning; In the next years after introduced , the content descended, the proportion of kinds with artemisinin content degression was twice than the rising; Artemisinin content and yield in cultivated Artemisia annua L. were higher than that in wild plants , It's artemisinin content in cultivated was higher 74 percent than that in wild species, and yield was 2.56 times. Different breed-time also had great affect on the Artemisinin content, content was the highest breeded in February. The content was different in different color stem and different parts of plant, the sequence ranked: white stem>yellow and green stem> purple stem>green stem, and leaf>bud>twig>mature tress.; process methods also affected the content, the content was the highest by insolating, which was higher 19% and 49% than that by airing and drying, respectively.4. The results of analysis on correlation indicate that artemisinin content had positive correlation to plant height, stem bottom diameter and width of leaf, and correlation coefficients were significant. Negative correlation to number of primary branches and angle of branchy stem, but correlation coefficients weren't significant. The yield had positive correlation to plant height, stem bottom diameter, crow siameter, distance of internode and number of primary branches, and the correlation coefficients reached significant level. Negative correlation to angle of branchy stem, but correlation coefficients weren't significant. Path analysis results showed that the direct influence to artemisinin content plant height, stem bottom diameter and width of leaf, but the opposite influence was from distance of internode, number of primary branches, angle of branchy stem and length of leaf. The direct influence to distance of internode was smallest and length of leaf was largest. The yield had positive direct influence to plant height, stem bottom diameter and distance of internode, and the opposite influence was from width of leaf.