| The chicken coccidiosis,which is caused by one or more subspecies of Eimeria parasitic in chicken intestine,is a parasitic disease spreading all over the world.It is one of the most economically devastating diseases in the poultry industry.The young chicken was damaged most seriously by the disease.There are many subspecies of Eimeria,which always infected chicken mixedly.Among them,Eimeria tenella is the ubiquitous and the most pathogenic specie.We isolated coccidia from the caecum of the chicken infected by coccidia and identified the strain of Eimeria tenella by morphology method.Then,we studied the sporulating of Eimeria tenella oocysts and the controlling of single Chinese medical herbs.We were to sift some effective anti-coccidia herbs.According to the results of the sifting,the biological characteristics of coccidia and the physiological characteristics of chicken,we developed a compound of Chinese medical herbs to prevent chicken coccidiosis,and about its effects of anti-coccidia were also studied.Firstly,the oocysts of fecal in caecum were isolated from classically symptomic coccidian chicken in Hefei city by centrifugation and floatage,and then the oocysts were cultured in 2.5%potassium dichromate at 29℃.The oocysts were propagated for the first generation through 7-day-old chickens in lab.The oocysts of continual two generations were identified morphologically and compared with the related documents.Then,50 sporulated oocysts of every generation were measured.The results showed that the size of first generation was 18.4 to 25.5μm×14.6 to 20.2μm and 21.62μm×18.15μm on average.The oocyst body exponent was 1.19.The size of sporanges was 10.5 to 12.6μm×5.1 to 6.8μm and 11.77μm×6.29μm on average.The oocyst size of the second generation was 19.5 to 26.2μm×16.5 to 21.5μm and 22.05μm×18.58μm on average.The oocyst body exponent was 1.18.The size of sporanges was 10.4 to 12.8μm×4.8 to 7.5μm and 11.85μm×6.31μm on average.The size between two generation oocysts had no significant difference.The parasitism location and pathological changes were similar and the results were consistent with standard E.tenella.As a result,the oocysts of isolation was fundamentally identified to be E.tenella.Secondly,23 kinds of Chinese medical herbs were chosen to control the sporulating of E.tenella oocysts,such as Radix Sophorae Flavescentis,Semen Arecae, Fructus Toosendan,Fructus Carpesii and Rhizoma Dryopteris Crassirhizomatis.In the light of the development handicraft of Chinese medical herbs,every herb was made to be liquid of 1.1 to 1.15 g/mL.Based on this,we sifted some effective anti-coccidian herbs,such as Radix Phytolaccae,Radix Dichroae,Radix Bupleuri and Radix Pulsatillae.Furthermore,according to the results of the sifting,the biological characteristic of coccidia,the physiological characteristics of chicken,the principle of forming method and making medicine,and traditional Chinese medicine theory,we selected betoken medicine and developed three compounds of Chinese medical herbs.We made many experiments through chicken,and then we found the best compound.In proportion,it consisted of Radix Phytolaccae,Radix Pulsatillae,Radix Dichroae, Herba Agrimoniae,Lonicera Japonica Thunb and so on.Its anti-coccidian effect(ACI achieved 188.1)surpassed the effect of Amprolini Hydrochloridum(ACI was equal to 182.1).Finally,the last experiment was carried out to prevent chiken coccidiosis using the compound.We studied the change pattern of physiological biochemistry target in young chicken that was vaccinated after using the compound.The results indicated that the content of GLU,Mg,Na,TP,ALB,SDH,AMS and ALP reduced significantly but for SOD;and the content of Ca,NO,LZM,GOT and GPT increased,same as IgG,IgM and IgA.The level of GLU was maintained normally while LZM raised significantly.Then,the field tests were undertaken to prevent chicken coccidiosis using the compound.The results demonstrated that the morbidity and mortality droped significantly,and the growth of young chicken was promoted notablely,and the ratio of feed to meat was improved as well.In conclusion,we succeed in isolating and identifying Eimeria tenella and developing a compound of Chinese medical herbs for preventing chicken coccidiosis. With effective anti-coccidian,the compound could promote the growth of young chicken and improve the ratio of feed to meat as well.Therefore,we can conclude that a new way to prevent chicken coccidiosis was established,which could improve economic efficiency of poultry industry and protect security of chicken product(meat, eggs)in a certain sense.
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