| Agaricus blazei Murill is one of the main fungus varieties which earn foreign exchange through exports, and plays a significant role in the fungus industry. The quality of the idioplasm resource is the key factor in the development of fungus industry. At present, Agaricus blazei Murill species in China are mainly introduced from Brazil and Japan, and the germplasms are shortage, moreover the evaluation system of Agaricus blazei Murill has not yet been established. Therefore, Ion beam injection technique was used to select new quality strains in this paper, biological characteristics and evaluating method of Agaricus blazei Murill strains were also studied in order to establish a scientific, reasonable, effective evaluation system, which could be used for idioplasms evaluation, genetic breeding, identification and management of new strains.The strains of AbML2, AbML7 and AbML11 which were obtained by ion beam injection as well as origin strain AbM9 and single spore separation AbMD3 were investigated in this paper. The studies on biological characteristics, production traits, nutritional values assessment and genetic relationship of selected strains were carried out with the techniques of physiological and biochemical experiment, cultivation test, antagonistic effect, Isozyme, RAPD and ISSR. The results indicated that the new strains of AbML7 and AbML11 were different from the origin strain AbM9, and their excellent genetic characteristics might be applied in the cultivation. A suitable inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) molecular marker system for Agaricus blazei Murill had been established through the optimization of ISSR reaction system. 10 Agaricus blazei Murill strains were analyzed by antagonistic test, isozyme, RAPD and ISSR technique, and a set of more comprehensive spawn evaluation system had been established. The system will offer some instructive helps to other edible-medicinal fungus in germplasm evaluation, development and utilization.
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