Studies On High Yield Cultivation Technique Of Summer Maize In Hei Long-Gang Region

Corn is the second food crop in China. It takes an important role on our national economic development. In our country, richness field area are less than one-third of China's total corn field, poor field area are even more important to the corn total production in our country. Heilonggang region of Hebei Province is located in a typical poor corn growthing area (middle and low-yield production). For the aim of exploring and making a suitable technology system to get high-yield maize production in the area, under the support of"the study on food crops super-high yield theory and cultivation techniques", we have taken a systematic study in Wuyi science and technology research center of Wuyi County in Hebei Province in 2006 ~ 2007. The systematic research were conducted from the varieties, planting methods, density, chemical regulation and formula fertilization with the field experiment and lab. test.The main results were as follows:1. We have selected DH3719, Yuyu 34 and Ji Shi 1 from 50 maize varieties to be high-yield maize varieties. These varieties are suitable for high density and have high resistance to disease. The growth period are 98～105 days, their type are compaction and semi-compaction, at the same time the height are from 186 cm to250cm, the grain number per ear are over 450, the 1000-grain weight are over 290 grams, their production traits are the same as Zhengdan 958 (high-yield production variety) at Heilonggang region.2. According the density experiments, we know that: 105000 plants per ha is the best suitable density for DH3719, 75000 plants per ha are the best suitable density for Zhengdan958 and Zhongdan 808.In Heilonggang region, the suitable density for high yield is about 75000～105000 plants per ha.3. By the planting pattern study, we set four treatments. those are the wide-narrow (80-40cm) by turns planting pattern, four plants in one hole planting pattern, the same row spacing planting pattern and the high-low varieties by turns planting pattern. According the result we know that: the wide-narrow by turns and the four plants in one hole and the high-low varieties by turns planting pattern are superior to the same row spacing planting pattern on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation, the yield have been increased by 5.5%～18.9%, the ear grains and the grains weight are improved. But the four plants in one hole planting pattern is unsuitable for mechanization, at the same time its water using efficiency is lower than others.And the wide-narrow (80-40cm) by turns planting pattern and the high-low varieties by turns planting pattern are suitable for high-yield cultivation.4. The production of Zhengdan958 and Jingdan28 with chemical regulation treatment (mixture of Ethylene with CCC) are increased by 20.7～32.6% with CK, because the bottom 1～6 internodes of stem have been shorted by leaves spraying at jointing stage, at the same time the height and spike height were lowed, the non-ear plant ratio were decreased and the grain number per ear and 1000-grains weight have been increased by chemical regulation.5. The best fertilization model of summer maize to get high yield have been selected by"3414" experiment with variety of Zhengdan 958 under the density of 75000 plants per ha. The results showed that the high yield 7200kg per ha could have been get with N250 to 300kg per ha, P2O5 65kg per ha, K2O75 to 100kg per ha in poor field and the yield 7800kg per ha with N270kg per ha, P2O5130kg per ha, K2O160kg per ha in richness field. The yield potential of poor field is higher than richness field in rations of fertilizer. The function of different elements on maize grain production are N> K> P, the best mixture ratio of N P K for high yield is 1:0.49:0.6。In one word, the high yield cultivation model of summer maize at Heilonggang region is that: the better varieties are Zhengdan958 ,DH3719 and YuYu34 etc, the suitable density is about 75000～105000 plants per ha, the suitable planting pattern is the wide-narrow (80-40cm) by turns or the high-low varieties by turns planting pattern, and the chemical regulation at jointing stage is very important to high and continual yield, formula fertilization with N250kg to 300 kg per ha, P2O5 65kg per ha, K2O75 to 100kg per ha in poor field and with N270kg per ha, P2O5130kg per ha, K2O160kg per ha in richness field, the Zn fertilizer 22.5 kg per ha will have a better effect on maize grain yield in Zn less soil. We can improve the yield of corn largely by split -Applied fertilizer, P and K full-Applied fertilizer at seeding stage, N fertilizer 30 percent at seeding stage and 70 percent at the big trumpet stage, and controlling Diseases, Pests and Weeds in the whole growth period, strengthening field management and harvesting at suitable time.