Regulation Of PGRs After Anthesis On Physiological Metabolism And Yield And Quality Development In Soybean Plant

During the two years of 2006-2007, Field experiments were conducted in 2006 with soybean Kennong4, Heinong35 and Kennong18 as material, and we used three regulators,'SOD simulation material (SOD_M)','Choline chloride (Cc)'and'Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6)'by spraying in R₅ stage. In the experiment, the aim of this experiment was to compare the changes of PGRs on abscission of flower and pod in R₁ stage, investigate the senescence mechanism and differences of physiological characters in soybean plant, research the effects of PGRs on yield structure, yield and quality of soybeans in different stages. It can provide academic theories for the usage of PGRs for higher yield, better quality, and more efficiency production of soybean. The main results were:1 Cc was the highest one of abscission and abscission rate in three regulators, though pods and flowers of soybean can be significantly increased by spraying Cc in R₁ stage. DTA-6 and SOD_M could effectively reduce abscission and abscission rate, increase yield.2 The contents of Chla, Chlb and total chlorophyll were increased with SOD_M and DTA-6, but SOD_M significantly reduced the ratio of Chla/Chlb at spraying initial stage. DTA-6 significantly improved photosynthesis and transpiration rate of soybean leaves.3 DTA-6 and SOD_M could accommodate the assimilation metabolism, expedite the export rate of free amino acids, enhanced contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugar, NO3-N- and FAA in soybean leaves. SOD_M had obviously enhanced the contents of FAA and markedly increased NO3-N- contents of the pod husks, but Cc markedly reduced the contents of soluble protein in pod husks.4 DTA-6 and SOD_M were effective to enhance the contents of IAA and CTK, improve SOD, POD and CAT activities, slowing the increase of MDA.5 SOD_M increased root activities and export rate of FAA, enhanced the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and NO3-N- in soybean roots. Cc effectively reduced the content of ABA in a short time, improved the content of CTK and GA. SOD_M and DTA-6 reduced ABA contents at later spraying.6 DTA-6 increased the contents of soluble protein, but SOD_M obviously enhanced crude fat contents of grain in R₅ stage. DTA-6 and SOD_M were effective to enhance the contents of IAA and GA, expedite growth of grain, increase grain volume and filling rate, prolong accumulate time of grain dry weight.7 DTA-6 obviously reduced FAA contents, and increased fatty acid contents of K₄ in R₅ stage. DTA-6 enhanced the contents of linoleic acid, linolenic acid and palmitic acid, but reduced oleic acid and stearic acid contents in H₃₅ and K₁₈. SOD_M increased the contents of linolenic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid in H₃₅ and K₄. Meanwhile, SOD_M also improved linoleic acid contents, but reduced the contents of oleic acid in K₁₈ grains.8 In 2006, DTA-6 significantly increased pod number, grain number, pod weight and other yield structures, yield of R₅ was higher than V₃+R₅, SOD_M and DTA-6 significantly reduced seed oil content in V₃+R₅ stage.9 During the year of 2006, DTA-6 significantly improved pod number, grain number, pod weight and other yield structures of K₄ and K₁₈. However, the effect of SOD_M on protein content was marked in H₃₅ and K₁₈. SOD_M and DTA-6 significantly increased seed yield, effect of DTA-6 was better than SOD_M. Cc and DTA-6 significantly reduced seed protein content, but others were not.10 In 2007, DTA-6 significantly improved seed yields of K₄ in R₃, R₃+R₅ and R₅ stage, effect of R₃ was the best stage. Cc significantly increased height of soybean plant, markedly enhanced the weights of pods, grains and plants. Cc also significantly increased 100-seed weight, yield and protein contents of H₃₅ in R₃ and R₃+R₅ stage, it was effective to enhance seed yields by spraying Cc in R₃ stage. DTA-6 significantly improved increased the height, stem diameter, the weights of pods and grains, and plant weight of K₁₈ in R₃+R₅ stage, DTA-6 also increased 100-seed weight, yield and oil content, but DTA-6 obviously reduced bottom pod height.